FEATURES OF FINISHING HORIZONTAL WELLS

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the article is the process of completing horizontal wells is considered difficult. The choice of the composition of solutions, perforation technology used in well reinforcement, is the main stage of well commissioning. The article provides an assessment of the technological processes carried out during the completion of wells in foreign countries, Russia and our republic. This article presents innovations, innovative solutions used abroad in the process of construction and completion of wells, technologies and completion techniques used in well completion.

АННОТАЦИЯ

Цель статьи заключается процесс завершения горизонтальных скважин считается сложным. Выбор состава растворов, технологии перфорации, применяемой при армировании скважин, является основным этапом пусконаладочных работ скважины. В статье дана оценка технологических процессов, осуществляемых при доработке скважин в зарубежных странах, России и нашей республике. В данной статье представлены новшества, инновационные решения, применяемые за рубежом в процессе строительства и заканчивание скважин, технологии и приемы заканчивание, применяемые при заканчивание скважин.

Keywords: finishing wells, cementing, drainage, opening the fertile layer, perforation, buffering solution, natural collector.

Ключевые слова: заканчивание скважин, цементация, дренаж, вскрытие продуктивного слоя, перфорация, тампонажный раствор, естественное коллекторство.

The horizontal well completion option is carried out by determining the type of layers, their integrity, strength, the nature of the fluids and other factors.

In foreign practice, the process of refining horizontal wells has been tested in various variants using perforated in-pipe (pipeline or in-pipe) ridges: the section with horizontal drainage is not reinforced; the in-pipe ridge is fully cemented; the pre-perforated in-pipe ridge is partially cemented or equipped with an external package [1].

If the geomechanical classification coincides with one drain in the collector position, the horizontal section on the well Table is left open, the undamaged horizontal section is not cemented, reinforced with a pre-perforated inner ridge. When cutting several layers in the presence of cracks in the layer, a gas doppelganger, in the presence of aqueous layers, one of the next methods was used in the project.

1. Using external Packers, divide the opened stvol all into several stvols, observe the selected zone, enrich the zone, separate it from the gas doppelgänger, filled water or gas packer. It is not a statement that Packers are not cemented if they are installed.

2. When necessary, hydraulic cracking is carried out, the tail is cemented. A gas doppelgänger is cemented to prevent gas from entering the top of the layer. It is recommended to partially cement the horizontal section after cementing the gas doppelgänger, it is required to cement the complete section when hydraulic Cracking of the layer occurs.

Special application fluids are used when performing the opening of productive layers [2]. In this case, when drilling steep stvols, a drilling solution is applied, very strict requirements are imposed on liquids when opening the fertile layer with such solutions. The requirement is that the contamination of the layer is also practically large and lasts for a long time, since the fertile layer is opened in a large range.

In modern technical and technological capabilities, it is very difficult to unload an entire (pipeline or in-pipe) ridge.

When cementing the reinforcement ridges, it is ensured that the cement and the drilling fluid in the back ring of the pipe are pressed evenly.

In foreign countries, stabilizers and hard centerers are used to ensure satisfactory cementation of ridges, and in Russia, hard centerers are used more [3,4].

In the process of cementing, the main technological parameters are determined based on the data collected on various fields and geological-physical conditions, and accordingly, certain cementing methods and the type of tamponage mixtures are selected for each well.

Common and mandatory for all conditions is sedimentation strength, water permeability equal to zero. When cementing horizontal shafts of a well, requirements for radical changes to cement solutions are imposed. No accumulation of water in the horizontal drainage channel after cementing; the volume of the tamponade solution should not decrease (during the transition from the solution to the state of gel formation); it is ensured that the tamponage solution is evenly located along the diameter of the well ring; Drilling fluids collected on a horizontal table should not form channels in contact with the hardening cement mixture and avoid dewatering it.

Tamponaj eritmalariga va sementlash texnologiyasiga qo‘yilgan qattiq talablar, yaxlit qatlamda gorizontal kanalni qazishda eng chetki uchastkalarda yoyilgan bo‘lishi kerak. Yoriqlar mavjud bo‘lgan fatsial–noyaxlit qatlam holatida burg‘ilash eritmalariga qo‘yilgan talablarni ketma–ketligi hamma texnik shartlar qoidalar bo‘yicha bajariladi.

Buffer fluids are used as separators to prevent mixing of compressible drilling fluid and compressible tamponade fluid. The volume and characteristics of the buffer fluids should be such that they ensure compression of the drilling fluid. If its use is limited for some reason, the volume of tamponage solution is increased.

The important stages of the work include control of the quality of cementing works, tools that are lowered into the well, and the use of special concentrates in cementing [5].

Special fluids and perforators are used to pierce the reinforcement ridge and cement ring, and the pump is lowered into the well using compressor pipes.

In foreign countries (from 2000 it is planned to extract 40% of oil and gas in the USA with the help of horizontal wells), in practice, the well completion methods are carried out using barrier fluids, because in this case, the formation has less deteriorated the collector properties of the well bottom zone. Balanced drilling is used. The main purpose is to protect the productive layer from contamination with fluids during drilling and completion of wells. The second goal is to prevent too much loss of liquid into the layer.

In the USA, great attention is paid to preserving the properties of the reservoir when opening productive layers. One of the most important decisions when completing wells is the choice of drilling fluids. Drilling fluids are specially prepared for opening the productive layer, cementing, perforating, stimulating the flow and creating a column of liquid above and in front of the packer [6,7].

Based on the above considerations, special drilling solutions are divided into two large groups.

1. When well completion fluids are not specially prepared, they undergo special processing until their properties meet the requirements.

2. Special solutions are created for completing wells, often adapted for specific tasks. They have low water permeability. The components of such a liquid dissolve well in oil, acid, water and are eliminated from any pollution. Fluids are added with special weighting systems or specially selected fillers, which perform specific tasks in the well completion process. Hydrocarbon solutions are widely used in the practice of completing wells, as they ensure the maximum natural collectivity of the formation.

Among such solutions, the most interesting are oil-based solutions, and oil is used as the dispersion medium, and water is the quality of the dispersed space. Two types of NAEs are most commonly used: Oil-based solutions and inverse emulsions.

The inverse emulsion contains 20-75% water, it is possible to control the rheological and filtration properties of the solution. In the process of drilling such solutions, modified clays are added to improve the rheological and filtration properties at high temperatures. The water permeability of inverse emulsion solutions is zero. Quality emulsion solutions provide 90-98% solution recovery at the initial filtration rate when samples are backwashed.

20% of the volume of oil-based solutions is water. Materials with a colloid system (bitumen oxidized in air) are used to filter such solutions and maintain their rheological properties. It is possible to use chalk emulsions in the completion of wells. Emulsion is made on the basis of oil and crushed chalk powder is added to stabilize it. Emulsions with chalk dissolve well in acid, water permeability is very low. It is used in opening carbonate reservoirs from emulsion (always treated with acid), drilling water-receptive sandstone formations, etc.

In the United States, foam systems are used more and more to open and complete productive formations in low-pressure formations. In order to effectively preserve the reservoir properties of the productive layers, the methods of opening the productive layer deposits must meet the following basic requirements:

• the formation of waterproofing layers on the walls of the shaft of the permeable well, the characteristics of filtration and strength do not establish a positive hydrodynamic connection between the drilled layers and the well in any practice, do not exceed the limit at negative differential pressures and changing technology;
• long-term hermeticity is ensured during the stages of preparation for strengthening the trunk in unproductive layers;
• to ensure the creation of conditions for the effective restoration of the hydraulic connection of the oil and gas layers with the bottom of the well during the development and operation stages of the wells.

The mentioned indicators provide relative information about the qualitative opening of the productive layer according to the indicators of completion, development and operation of the wells, as well as the technological factors of the preservation of the collector properties of the well bottom zone and the removal of filtrate zones from the oil and gas layers. assesses whether the leakage has been eliminated.

References:

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