THE IMPORTANCE OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN REMOTE MONITORING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS

ABSTRACT

The article highlights the methods of farmers working in the field of agriculture, clusters, grow agricultural products in greenhouses and other closed areas and use innovative technologies in their monitoring as a result of automatic irrigation, climate control, temperature, humidity, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus level measurement tools, nutrient supply, fruit ripening and irrigation. The possibilities of using the automatic control system fertilization, determination of parameters of the soil composition and the cultivation of each agricultural product based on them were foregrounded.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В статье описаны возможности использования автоматически управляющей системы для фермеров, работающих в сфере сельского хозяйства. В результате применения инновационных технологий выращивания сельскохозяйственной продукции в теплицах и других закрытых помещениях и их мониторинга, автоматического полива, климат-контроля, температуры, влажности, азота, калия, средства измерения уровня фосфора, обеспечения питательными веществами, методы созревания плодов и орошения. Внесение удобрений, определение параметров состава почвы и автоматическое управление, предназначенное для выращивания каждой сельскохозяйственной продукции.

Keywords: innovative technologies, management, database, agriculture, precision farming, smart agriculture, smart greenhouse.

Ключевые слова: инновационные технологии, управление, база данных, сельское хозяйства, точное земледелие, умное сельское хозяйства, умная теплица

Introduction

In recent years, regulation of land and water relations in agriculture, effective use of agricultural arable land, introduction of innovative technologies in the field, production of high-profitable, exportable products due to the reduction of low-yielding cotton and grain areas, state needs financial stability of agricultural enterprises is ensured by increasing the purchase price of agricultural products. Today, the rapid development of all spheres of society and state life requires the implementation of reforms based on modern innovative ideas, developments and technologies that ensure rapid and high-quality development of our country on the way to becoming one of the leaders of world civilization [1].

Methods

The main goal of the research is to manage and monitor the total agricultural production, farming and livestock products created in the country on the basis of smart technologies. As a result of the research, an automatic management system for farmers working in the agricultural sector, clusters, monitoring their development in greenhouses and other closed areas, automatic irrigation, fertilizing, determination of soil composition parameters, and based on them, the production of each agricultural product. supply and technology have been developed [6]. The methods of climate control, temperature, humidity, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus level measuring devices, providing nutrients, fruit ripening and irrigation devices were used as research methods. The scientific significance of the research consists in the development of monitoring methods and algorithms for the remote use of satellite data in the rapid and accurate assessment of the condition of agricultural lands and the crops grown on them [5].

Results

The analysis shows that the tools currently used in the practice of state and city administration do not provide a completely acceptable level of providing the population with agricultural products in Uzbekistan. Part of the demand for some food products is met by imports. Taking this into account, "Smart Greenhouse" is suitable for the current purpose. "Smart Greenhouse" has a fully automated system[4].

A smart greenhouse includes the following systems: automatic irrigation system, through drip irrigation; system of automatic storage of soil temperature; automatic soil recovery system (mulching); auto-ventilation system; automatic lighting system.

Thanks to drip irrigation, watering is carried out directly to the roots of plants. Watering occurs in small doses applied to each plant separately. This method is carried out using drip irrigation due to the many branches of irrigation systems. Thanks to this method of watering plants, the upper part of the soil is always wet, which allows the plants to receive the necessary amount of water.

The advantages of drip irrigation are as follows: absence of the process of spreading weed crops; uniform distribution of water in the soil; water saving. Disadvantages of this type of irrigation: relatively complex design; high price of equipment; constant monitoring of water purity is required.

The irrigation reservoir can also be equipped with an electric pump and float to regulate the water level in the reservoir. We can call this system fully automatic thanks to the introduction of the automatic tank filling system. In the "Smart Greenhouse" system, automatic heating of the soil is not important, its temperature is controlled based on the data set in the thermostat [2].

The soil heating system includes: Temperature regulator; heating element The thermostat for temperature control allows you to keep the temperature in the range of +5 to +45 degrees Celsius. Thus, the initially set temperature is established and this temperature is maintained.

The process of ventilation of greenhouses is carried out by opening the leeward side, thereby avoiding the negative effects of cold wind. However, thanks to new research in this field, the simultaneous opening of two transoms on either side of the greenhouse is as follows. This method, in addition to adjusting the amount of CO2 and air humidity, allows for maximum control of warm currents inside the greenhouse.

An automatic irrigation system requires the use of a soil: water level sensor, which detects the current water level in the reservoir and thus determines whether water needs to be added if the reservoir lacks water. In this way, the system determines when to start the irrigation process.

An LCD display is used to monitor soil moisture and see irrigation system installation processes. The microcontroller transmits the obtained result to the control device and starts the water supply system after the signal. The system for managing the tasks and settings of irrigation processes, the warning device serves to notify and display information about the lack of water during the work process [3].

The following elements are used for the automatic ventilation system: a temperature and soil moisture sensor, based on the readings obtained by this sensor, the current condition inside the greenhouse is determined. After the signal from the microcontroller, the control device, that is, the ventilation system, is activated. The following elements are required for the automatic soil heating system: soil temperature sensor (contact type). After the signal from the microcontroller, the load controller started heating the soil after adjusting the task control system and the soil heating processes. Monitoring of the soil temperature and viewing the installation process of the soil heating system is reflected on the LCD display.

Arduino series Atmel microcontroller is used to control all smart greenhouse systems. The Arduino microcontroller has the advantages necessary for control, it allows you to control the power, the duration and timing of the signals.

Thanks to the I2C module, the problem is solved, such as the need for too many pins to connect up to 4 to the Arduino, so in addition to this, the I2C module also has a trimmer resistor, with which the light can be easily adjusted.

Soil surface and soil temperature sensors are used to monitor changes in soil temperature.

The sensor detects changes in indicators from - 10 degrees to + 40 degrees. Such a choice of temperature indicators is related to the analogues discussed above, in which thermostats work within these limits and there is no need for a temperature of more than + 40 ° C in the soil heating system. A sufficiently small margin of error of the measured values is also taken into account, and the temperature sensor receives the most accurate values. The supply voltage is 5V. The data received on the DS18B20 temperature sensor is exchanged with the microcontroller using a single-wire interface [3].

Conclusion

To conclude, conditions are created for the creation of varieties of crops resistant to stress, high yield, adapted to transportation, rich in bioactive substances. and allows to significantly reduce human participation in them. Applications of such technologies in agriculture include precision farming, "smart" farms, "smart" greenhouses, raw material management, agricultural product storage, agricultural transport management, "big data" and others. . "Smart warehouses" for fruits and vegetables allow to monitor the condition of the product during storage using specially defined algorithms (set temperature, humidity level, carbon dioxide content) in real time, which helps to make the right decision. If the conditions are violated, the system corrects the situation and informs the warehouse owner about the change.

References:

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