APPLICATION OF POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIALS IN MACHINES

ABSTRACT

This article gives general recommendations on the use of composite materials as filling elements for metal parts and plastic and polystyrene materials for automotive components

АННОТАЦИЯ

В данной статье даны общие рекомендации по использованию композиционных материалов в качестве наполнителей металлических деталей и пластиковых и полистирольных материалов для автомобильных компонентов.

Keywords: plastic and polystyrene materials, exterior and interior parts, polymer material, industrial waste,heat treatment,composite polymer materials

Ключевые слова: пластмассовые и полистирольные материалы, наружные и внутренние детали, полимерный материал, промышленные отходы, термическая обработка, композиционные полимерные материалы.

The number of road transport and agricultural vehicles is increasing in the world, including Uzbekistan, as of January 1, 2023 statistical agency according to departmental information received bynumber of carsis 3,637,119 [1]. That's itas well as this year, as a result of the increase of car production by 1.2 times by "Uzavtosanoat" due to the modernization of car manufacturing plants in Asaka and Khorezm, the need for metal and metal alloy products has increased year by year. is increasing. Taking into account that more than 80 percent of the main exterior and interior parts in car production are made of plastic and polystyrene products, in this regard, it is necessary to improve the quality of these metal, plastic and polystyrene products, reduce the price of exterior and interior parts and components, and reduce energy consumption. is to reduce. Polymer on the working surfaces of the forms of car parts Development of the composition and production technology of composite polymer coatings using materials and automobile the need to use its details in production. At the same time, the process of localization of these components is of particular importance.

The automobile industry is one of the main branches of the engineering industry, which is the solution to the country's economic, social, ecological, scientific and technical problems. The economy in the development of the industrial-industrial strategy of our republicOne of the main areas of modernization and diversification is the automotive industry [2].

In accordance with the decision of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PQ-4397 on "Additional measures for the rapid development of the automobile industry of the Republic of Uzbekistan", in 2020 "Uzavtosanoat" JSC and international consulting company Boston Consulting Group developed an automobile industry strategy for the period until 2030. In this decision, measures to optimize production assets (enterprises) and increase production efficiency and - Improvement of production processes are defined. In addition, a decision was made to study market development trends and increase the volume of sales of finished products and components produced by localization enterprises on a large scale.[3,4].For the direct implementation of these measures, components and spare parts are required to undergo technical tests using local industrial waste and raw materials.

Finding ways to develop composite polymer materials for automobile components and their forms based on local raw materials, developing the automobile industry, and increasing the competitiveness of products made from composite materials are important tasks in our republic.

Composite polymer materials have several specific advantages over metals. In particular, the relatively light mass allows to increase the operational performance of the car. These materials are characterized by thermal conductivity and resistance to environmental aggression in different climatic conditions, high electrical insulation properties, and simplicity and sophistication of the technological methods of detail preparation.[5,6].

And in the development of machine parts from plastic and polymer composite materials, it leads to a decrease in the cost of the product. Use of chemical industry waste in the preparation of car exterior and interior partsprovides an opportunity to process production waste.

An overview of the preparation process of composite polymer materials is presented in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Schematic view of the production of polymer composite materials

Due to the limited plasticity and elasticity of metal materials, as well as the limitation of the processing process (thermal treatment, mechanical processing), the priority of meeting certain technical conditions in their use in production is reduced, which is the reason for the use of new materials with improved physical and mechanical properties instead. is happening In this case, the composition of the materials from several common elements in combination has been eliminating the shortcomings in the use of metal materials. For example, metal materials have been used for front and rear bumpers in cars for many years. But now, instead of these, bumpers made of non-metallic materials, plastic and composite materials are installed. At the same time, it serves to reduce external military forces.

The use of composite materials in production is very relevant today. A composite material is composed of one or more non-homogeneous components. Reduction of the cost of manufactured goods and saving of resources are achieved. At the same time, it is characterized by increased relative strength, corrosion resistance, and corrosion resistance of the product. These composite materials are widely used in automobiles due to their good heat insulation and sound insulation properties.

The use of composite materials in cars reduces the mass by 2 bars and causes a decrease in fuel consumption.

In the world, research is being carried out to develop special equipment and devices based on innovative ideas in order to obtain effective compositions of composite materials based on plastic materials that meet modern requirements and have high physical, mechanical and technological properties. In this regard, the creation of special technologies and devices for the production of composite materials based on plastic and polymer-binding fillers in large countries producing plastic materials, the development of methods for obtaining high-quality products for their implementation in practice, the use of secondary resources, especially agricultural waste, for meet the needs of composite materials is of particular importance.

The factors influencing the formation of composite materials of physical and mechanical properties were divided into the following groups:

1. Factors characterizing the filler:

structure and properties of composite materials;

the structure of the chip mass of plastic;

particle size and fractional composition of the chip mass.

2. Factors characterizing the technological process:

moisture content of the filler before and after resinification;

amount of binder;

plate design;

plate density;

pressing mode.

Since, unlike the well-known and well-studied technologies of composite materials, non-traditional secondary raw materials were used in this work, when determining the factors.

However, it is of no small importance, since the conditions of heat and mass transfer, physical, mechanical and operational properties of the plates mainly depend on it. In a multilayer slab, larger particles are placed in the middle of the package, while smaller particles form the outer layers. This allows them to be pressed more tightly, which in turn increases the strength of the slab for static bending.

References:

1. https://xs.uz/uzkr/post/ozbekiston-aholisida
2. Kasymova N.O., Yakubova D.M. Privlechenie pryamyx inostrannyx investitsiy v avtomobilnuyu promyshlennost Uzbekistana Collection of online international scientific-practical conference materials on "Industrial economy and management: problems and solutions". -T.: 2021.-235-237 p
3. PQ-4397 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "Additional measures for the rapid development of the automobile industry of the Republic of Uzbekistan" 19.07.2019.
4. Business plan for 2021 of "Uzavtosanoat" JSC (with cumulative indicators of network enterprises) 2020.-T. -32 p.
5. A. O.Kurnasov Stekloplasty konstruktsionnogo naznacheniya dlya aviatsii. Trudy VIAM –M.-№8. 2015. pp. 57-61.
6. A.V. Borshchev, Yu.A. Gusev Polymer composite materials and automotive industry. Aviation material and technology. -M. .-#2. 2014. pp. 34-38.
7. Технология производства древесно-пластиковых композиционных плитных материалов на основе наполнителей из стеблей хлопчатника // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. Бойдадаев.М.Б. [и др.]. 2019. № 12 (69). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/8549 .