FACTORS INFLUENCING THE CHOICE OF ROLLING STOCK

ABSTRACT

The main factor influencing the choice of the article of rolling stock and the transportation of goods is the choice of rolling stock (PS) and all items and materials from the moment they are accepted for transportation until delivery to the recipient are cargo. Almost the entire nomenclature of existing cargo is transported by PS. The type of vehicle used for transportation largely depends on the type of cargo.

АННОТАЦИЯ

Главным в факторах, влияющих на выбор статьи подвижного состава и транспортировку грузов, является выбор подвижного состава (ПС) и все предметы и материалы с момента принятия их к транспортированию и до сдачи получателю являются грузами. ПС перевозится практически вся номенклатура существующих грузов. От вида груза в значительной степени зависит тип используемого для перевозок ПС.

Keywords:  structures, transportation, partitioning, rolling stock (RS), perishable, movement in icy conditions, snow drifts, snowfalls and blizzards.

Ключевые слова: строительство, транспорт, перегородки, подвижной состав (ПС), скоропортящиеся грузы, движение в гололедных условиях, снежные заносы, снегопады и метали.

Introduction

One of the main things in the transportation of goods is the choice of rolling stock (PS). The choice of an efficient car for the transportation of goods over long and short distances can be solved by comparing several cars of different types and models with each other in the same conditions of transportation, compare their technical and operational characteristics.

The basis of the choice should be ensuring the safety of goods in combination with the fullest use of the vehicle's cargo capacity and an acceptable cost of transportation.

External factors, i.e. the conditions in which the rolling stock is operated, have a direct impact on the choice of the type and brand of PS. The operating conditions of the PS are called the features of transportation, determined by various combinations of transport, road and climatic factors. For each operating condition, certain types of PS are rational and their design features are appropriate, ensuring the highest utilization rates.:

1) type of cargo;

2) the volume of traffic and its division;

3) transportation distance;

4) conditions of loading and unloading and storage;

5) climatic conditions;

6) type of routes and organization of transportation.

7) delivery time.

The scheme for selecting the type of PS for cargo transportation.

The scheme of the choice of rolling stock Below these factors are considered in more detail:

1) type of cargo;

All items and materials from the moment they are accepted for transportation until delivery to the recipient are cargo. Almost the entire nomenclature of existing goods is transported by PS. The type of cargo used for transportation depends to a large extent on the type of PS, PRM and technology of transportation.

The main factors that are taken into account when classifying goods:

1. Method of loading and unloading (piece, bulk and bulk)

These loads are accounted for by volume and weight.

2. Conditions of transportation and storage (usual and specific).

The usual goods are those that do not require special conditions and can be transported on board cars.

Specific cargoes require special measures for the safety and security of transportation. For example, perishable, heavy loads, long, dangerous and oversized.

3. The possibility of using the load capacity of the PS.

4. Their safety during transportation.

5. The degree of danger during loading, unloading and transportation.

During loading, unloading and transportation, they are divided into 4 groups:

 Group 1 – low-risk cargo

 Group 2 – dangerous goods in size

 Group 3 – dusty or hot cargo

 Group 4 – especially dangerous goods.

2) the volume of traffic and its division;

The size of the cargo is determined by the shipper and depends on the production technology (formation of cargo), the time it is filled with economically justified stocks in storage and temporary storage.

The volume of the batch also depends on the conditions of consumption of the cargo in the batch. The main of these conditions include: the volume and unevenness of consumption of goods; changes in consumer characteristics of goods over time; availability, capacity and equipment of equipment; cost of goods, etc.

A typical example of the dependence of commodity consignment on the conditions of consignment is the retail food supply chain "Virga". Commercial enterprises that do not have a sufficient number of refrigeration units or sell food at home will have to order batches of such perishable products that are guaranteed to be sold within the time allotted for the sale of the product.

3) transportation distance;

The distance of transportation directly affects the production of PS. With an increase in mileage, the output in ton-kilometers increases and the amount of cargo transported in tons decreases. PS of different carrying capacity, transporting cargo over the same distance, perform different transport work.

So, at long distances it is advisable to use a PS with increased load capacity. In addition, depending on the range of transportation, the requirements for the PS may change in terms of its traction and speed qualities.

4) conditions of loading and unloading and storage;

The conditions of loading and unloading of the PS can be varied. They depend on the type of cargo, the constancy of the location of loading and unloading points, the availability of well-maintained access roads, the size of cargo turnover, the degree of mechanization of loading and unloading operations and the type of mechanisms used.

The applied PS must be adapted to the performance of operations by the mechanisms installed at the points of departure and destination.

The analysis of this factor of operating conditions allowed us to conclude that it is necessary to use rolling stock equipped with an open side platform.

This will ensure the convenience of loading and unloading and reduce the downtime under cargo operations.

5) climatic conditions;

Climatic conditions have a significant influence on the choice of PS.

Figure 1. Climatic conditions

So, to protect cargo from atmospheric phenomena (rain, snow, wind, dust, sun), special body structures are needed.  In this Figure 1, we can see the climatic conditions in polar climatic zones. Important operating conditions are the ability to ensure the quick readiness of the PS for action, cabin heating. Here, the patency of the PS and the safety of its movement in icy conditions, snow drifts, snowfalls and blizzards are of particular importance.

6) type of routes and organization of transportation.

The route type is the main element used to establish communication between senders and recipients of cargo

Figure 2. Classification of cargo transportation routes

7) delivery time;

If the customer needs a short delivery time, to PS should choose the type of fast, the prices are high. If there is no delivery time limit, it is useful to choose a more economical type of delivery.

For any company, the route transportation of cargo of individuals is an important factor: pendulum, ring and assembly and delivery (both production and trade) terms of product delivery are of paramount importance. Along with the consistently high quality of products, compliance with the actual delivery dates officially declared is one of the competitive advantages in the market. An important factor is the classification of cargo transportation routes, not even the nominal delivery time, but its compliance.

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