FAUNA OF BEES (Hymenoptera: Apidae) ON THE TERRITORY OF NAVOI REGION

ABSTRACT

The article collects samples from different districts of the Navoi region and analyzes their species composition. 7 species belonging to 4 genera of the general family Apidae were identified, with the species Apis mellifera (Linnaeus, 1758) being the most common during the study

АННОТAЦИЯ

В статье были собраны образцы из разных районов Навоийской области и проанализирован их видовой состав. Было идентифицировано 7 видов, принадлежащих к 4 родам, относящимся к общему семейству Apidae, и в ходе исследования в наибольшем количестве был обнаружен вид Apis mellifera (Linnaeus, 1758).

Keywords: Research, Navoi region, beekeeping, Apis mellifera, Amegilla quadrifasciata, Amegilla maclachlan, Anthophora radoszkowsky, Eucera, species, Apidae.

Ключевые слова: Исследования, Навоийская область, пчеловодство, Apis mellifera, Amegilla quadrifasciata, Amegilla maclachlani, Anthophora radoszkowskyi, Eucera, виды, Apidae

Introduction

Navoi region is the largest region in our country in territorial terms and is the second largest region after Karakalpakstan. Its total area is 110.99 thousand sq. km. The province is divided into three large parts according to its specific natural conditions: the northwestern part of the province is occupied by the Kyzylkum desert, which hides secrets in its bosom.

Apidae are large or medium-sized wasps that are distributed throughout the globe, with the exception of Antarctica. Real bees feed on nectar and pollen. Depending on their lifestyle, solitary (for example, Xylocopa), gregarious (Bombus Apis) and parasitic bees are distinguished. Females of breeding species collect pollen mainly in feathers located on the hind legs. Nests are built on soil, a tree, or empty buildings. For example, hairy wasps can nest in dry leaves, moss, under grass, in mouse holes, tree hollows and other shelters [1].

The size of the representatives of the family ranges from 0.5 to 5 cm. Male bees have two pairs of reticulated wings. The abdomen is short or elongated, without a pronounced stem. The body is sometimes densely covered with hair, consists of 12-13 segments. The oral organ of the gnawing type. The last segments of the abdomen are folded into a tourniquet. The first segment of the hind limbs is enlarged and thickened [1].

Real bees are not only producers of honey, wax, propolis and other bee products, but also the main pollinators of almost all flowering plants and agricultural crops .

Methods

The study was conducted on the territory of Navoi region in the period from April to August 2022. When collecting species of the Apidae family, an entomological pen (net) with a diameter of 34-40 cm and an exhauster method were used. The collected materials were stored in plastic containers in 96% alcohol. The MBS-109 binocular microscope was also used. When determining the species of bees, collections of the Apidae family and identification books were used, which are stored in the entomological laboratory of the Institute of Zoology of the Scientific Academy of the Republic of Uzbekistan [2,3]. When determining the coordinates of the samples, applications were used maps.me and Google Earth (Fig.1).

Figure 1. The coordinates of the studies carried out

Results

As a result of the conducted research, samples were collected. A total of 4 to 7 species of the Apidae family have been identified: superfamily – Apoidea, family – Apidae, subfamily – Apinae, genus – Apis, species - Apis mellifera (Linnaeus, 1758).  Location and coordinate determined: during the study, when we collected samples on the territory of the Navoi region, the species Apis mellifera (Linnaeus, 1758) was identified from almost many places. Malikrabot District of Navoi region (40°05’42.6”n 64°59’04.17”e) – 4.IV.2022 (1♀), Kiziltepa district, Navoi region (40°02’45.45”n 64°51’13.23”e) – 03.IV.2022 (2♀ ♀), Karmana District, Navoi region (40°05’21.27”N 64°57’47.73”E.) - 03.IV.2022 (2♀ ♀), Toshrabot District, Navoi region (40°17’45.48”N 65°24’41.48”e) – 16.IV.2022 (3♀ ♀ ♀), scarecrow pass (40°22’00.24”N 65°27’59.71”E) – 16.V.2022 (1♀), Zarafshan river (40°03’37.4”N 65°41’18.9”e) – 17.V.2022 (2♀ ♀).

Distribution: cosmopolitan species cultivated worldwide [3♀ ♀ ♀] [3].

Amegilla Friese, 1897 – genus

Amegilla quadrifasciata (de Villers, 1789) – species

Specimens examined and coordination: Aydarkul (41 °00′00.96″N 65°56′18.06″E) - 16.V.2022 (1♀).

Distribution: Russia, South part of Africa, Turkey, Suria, Iran, Mongolia, China, Japan, Central Asia, Kazakhstan [2].

Sources: T.V. Levchenko, А.M. Byvalcev, М.Y. Proshalkin 2017: 322) [3].

Amegilla Friese, 1897 – genus

Amegilla maclachlani (Friese, 1897) – species

Specimens examined and coordination: Urtachul (40°06′03.88″N 65°68′85.82″E) - 18.V.2022 (1♀).

Distribution: Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan [4], Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Iran [5].

Amegilla Friese, 1897 – genus

Amegilla sp. (Friese, 1897) – species

Specimens examined and coordination: Aydarkul (41°00′00.96″N 65°56′18.06″E) - 16.V.2022 (1♀).

Distribution: Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan [4], Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Iran [5].

Anthophora Latreille, 1803 - genus

Anthophora radoszkowskyi (Latreille, 1803) – species

Specimens examined and coordination: Navoiy region Karmana district (40°05′21.27″N 64°57′47.73″E.) - 03.IV.2022 (1♀)

Distribution: Tajikistan, Bulgaria, Uzbekistan [4], Kazakhstan [5].

Anthophora Latreille, 1803 - genus

Anthophora sp. (Latreille, 1803) – species

Specimens examined and coordination: Navoiy region Malikrabot district (40°05′42.6″N 64°59′04.17″E) – 4.IV.2022 (1♀)

Distribution: Tajikistan, Bulgaria, Uzbekistan [4], Kazakhstan [5].

Eucera Scopoli, 1770 – genus

Eucera clypeata Erichson, 1835 – species

Specimens examined and coordination: Navoiy region Toshrabot district (40°17′45.48″N 65°24′41.48″E) – 16.IV.2022 (1♀).

Distribution: Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Israil, Palestine, Iran, Afganistan, Pakistan, Turkmanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan

Sources: T.V. Levchenko, А.M. Byvalcev, М.Y. Proshalkin 2017: 320 [3].

Discussion

The results of the literature analysis conducted in Uzbekistan show that in Uzbekistan Gussakovsky (1923), Juravlev (1951), Panfilov (1951), Rasulov (1952), Davletshina (1979) studied the distribution of 1835 species, such as Apis mellifera Apis mellifera (Linnaeus, 1758), Amegilla quadrifasciata (de Villers, 1789) , Amegilla maclachlani (Friese, 1897) , Anthophora radoszkowskyi (Latreille, 1803) , Eucera clypeata Erichson, as a result of research in the Sirdarya, Tashkent, Surkhandarya region [4]. Over the past 20 years, the fauna of the Apinae subfamily in Uzbekistan has been insufficiently studied. Therefore, the study of the distribution and bioecology of bees in the Navoi region is still relevant from a scientific and practical point of view. 

Despite the fact that T.V. Levchenko, A.M. Byvaltsev, M.Yu. Protshalkin (2017) has conducted a number of studies, to date very few special scientific studies have been conducted concerning the study of species of the family Apidae in the process of settlement [4]. The purpose of this article is a faunal study of the bee fauna of the Navoi region.

During our research collected samples from different districts of the Navoi region and analyzed their species composition. 7 species belonging to 4 genera belonging to the general family Apidae were identified, and during the study the species Apis mellifera (Lin, 1758) was found in the largest number (fig. 2).

Figure 2. Landscapes of the territory of Navoi region

Conclusion

In conclusion, samples were collected from different regions of Navoi region. 7 species belonging to 4 genera have been identified in the common family Apidae, with Amegilla quadrifasciata (de Villers, 1789) Amegilla maclachlani (Friese, 1897) Anthophora radoszkowskyi (Latreille, 1803) species Eucera clypeata (Erichson, 1835) being first recorded for the territory of Navoi province. During the study, the species Apis mellifera (Linnaeus, 1758) was found in the greatest number.

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