STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES AND PROPERTIES OF HIGH-GRADE PORTLANCECEMENT

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ СВОЙСТВ ВЫСОКОМАРОЧНОГО ПОРТЛАНДЦЕМЕНТА

Mazhidov S.R. Kholiyorov A.A. Egamova M.T.

27.03.2026 37

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Mazhidov S.R., Kholiyorov A.A., Egamova M.T. STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES AND PROPERTIES OF HIGH-GRADE PORTLANCECEMENT // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. 2026. 3(144). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/22187 (дата обращения: 02.04.2026).

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DOI - 10.32743/UniTech.2026.144.3.22187

ABSTRACT

This article examines the mineralogical composition, physico-mechanical properties, and microstructural characteristics of high-strength Portland cement. Using SEM and EDS analysis, the morphology of the hydration products, the density of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) of the aggregate, and the factors contributing to high strength were evaluated. The results confirmed that the cement paste has a dense structure, low porosity, and high initial strength.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В статье исследованы минералогический состав, физико-механические и микроструктурные характеристики высокомарочного портландцемента. Посредством методов анализа СЭМ и ЭДС были оценены морфология продуктов гидратации, плотность контактной зоны заполнителя (ITZ) и факторы, влияющие на высокую прочность. Результаты подтвердили, что цементный камень обладает плотной структурой, низкой пористостью и высокой ранней прочностью.

Keywords: high-strength Portland cement, microstructure, hydration, scanning electron microscope, strength.

Ключевые слова: высокомарочный портландцемент, микроструктура, гидратация, сканирующий электронный микроскоп, прочность.

Introduction. High-grade Portland cement is widely used in the construction industry for the production of high-strength and stable concrete. Especially with the nanodisperse additives you are studying, the reactivity and microstructure of cement change significantly. This ensures a dense structure and high performance indicators in fine-grained concretes.

Research methods.

Table 1.

Mineralogical composition of Portland cement class B52,5

Mineral	Chemical symbol	Common share, %	Function
Alitis	C₃S (3CaO·SiO₂)	50-70	High strength in early stages, rapid hardening
Belite	C₂S (2CaO·SiO₂)	15-30	Subsequent strength and stability
Aluminate	C₃A (3CaO·Al₂O₃)	5-12	Rapid reaction, high heat release
Ferrite	C₄AF (4CaO·Al₂O₃·Fe₂O₃)	5-10	Facilitates melting, affects color

Table 2.

Chemical oxide composition of Portland cement class B52,5 (by weight, %)

Oxide	Symbol	Default range	Function
Calcium oxide	CaO	62-67%	The main binding phase forms C₃S and C₂S
Silicon oxide	SiO₂	19-24%	Source of silicate phases (C₃S, C₂S)
Aluminum oxide	Al₂O₃	4-7%	C₃A phase, early reaction response
Iron oxide	Fe₂O₃	2-5%	C₄AF phase, aiding liquid phase formation
Magnesium oxide	MgO	0,5-4%	Excess will affect volume stability
Sulfates (from gypsum)	SO₃	2-4%	Controls freezing rate
Alkaline oxides	Na₂O + K₂O	0,3-1,0%	Alkalinity, in some cases affecting reactivity

Figure 1. Determination of the normal setting time of Portland cement class B52,5

Normal setting time (initial and final setting time) is a part of the cement paste setting process, measured by the time it takes to transition from a liquid to a lower form.

Measurement method - usually determined by the Geerman (Vicat) method, in accordance with GOST 30744-2001 and EN 196-3.

Table 3.

Determination of the beginning of hardening of Portland cement class B52,5.

No	Trial time (minutes)	Needle penetration depth (mm)	Status
1.	0	40	Free to sink
2.	15	35	Free to sink
3.	30	28	Resistance increased
4.	45	10	Freezing started
5.	60	5	Hardening

Research results.

Determining the initial and complete setting time is important for assessing the quality of cement and its serviceability in construction. For B52,5 grade cement, the setting time is typically between 85-95 minutes (initial) and 210-230 minutes (complete setting). The results may vary depending on the proportion of water and additives in the cement.

Table 4.

Determination of the completion of hardening of Portland cement class B52,5.

No	Trial time (hr:min)	Needleprint	Ring track	Status
1.	3:00	There is	There is	Freezing continues
2.	4:30	Few	There is	Freezing continues
3.	6:00	No	No	Freezing complete
4.	7:00	No	No	Stable

The analysis results showed that the start of hardening of Portland cement class B52,5 by the vika method was 45 minutes, and the completion time of hardening was 6 hours. It was noted that high fineness (96%) increases the reaction surface of cement particles and accelerates the hydration process. This circumstance creates conditions for the formation of a dense microstructure at an early stage and a rapid increase in strength.

According to GOST 31108-2020, the density of Portland cement B52,5 is in the range of 3,05-3,15 g/cm³, which is explained by a high proportion of clinker minerals and low porosity. Although high fineness (96%) increases hydration activity, it does not significantly affect the true density of the cement.

96% fineness for Portland cement V52.5 indicates its high dispersity and reactivity. This increases the rate of hydration, ensuring a dense microstructure and high early strength. At the same time, the increased demand for water and high heat generation require optimization of the technological regime.

Table 5.

Strength of fine-grained concrete based on Portland cement of class B52,5 for 2, 7, and 28 days.

Proportion of superplasticizer by weight of Portland cement (%)	2 days	7 days	28 days
Control sample	32	53	72
Superplasticizer 0,5%	34	55	75
Superplasticizer 1,0%	36	58	78
Superplasticizer 1,5%	37	59	79
Superplasticizer 2,0%	35	57	77

Control sample 1, samples with the addition of 2-0,5% superplasticizer, 3-1,0% superplasticizer, 4-1,5% superplasticizer, 5-2,0% superplasticizer.

Figure 2. Determination of the compressive strength of Portland cement class B52,5


*Figure 3.* *Microstructure of Portland cement class B52,5 in a 2-day sample*.	*Figure* 4. Microstructure of Portland cement class B52,5 in a 7-day sample.

*Figure* 5. Microstructure of Portland cement class B52,5 28-day sample**

Conclusion. In this study, the main properties and characteristics of high-grade Portland cement were systematically studied. High-grade Portland cement occupies a leading position among modern building materials, and a thorough study of its properties and characteristics is crucial for improving concrete quality and structural reliability.

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