DETERMINATION OF VITAMINS IN THE MEDICINAL PLANT SALVIA SPP GROWING IN UZBEKISTAN

ABSTRACT

The article presents the results of a study of vitamins in the medicinal plant Salvia spp. Water-soluble vitamins were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. This plant contains vitamins B₁, B₆, B₉, PP, B₂, B₁₂, and C, which are important for the body. Among them, B₆ (pyridoxine) predominates in quantitative terms. Vitamin B₆ (pyridoxine) is necessary for the metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. It increases the activity of many enzymes and is involved in energy production. Among them, in quantitative terms, thiamine hydrochloride (B1) predominates, the deficiency of which can lead to a deterioration in the general condition of the body, edema, and heart failure, as well as nicotinamide (B2). Vitamins improve the ability of the immunue system to resist the action of pathogenic factors, reduce the predisposition to the development of various pathological conditions, which was of interest to study the vitamin composition of the leaves Salvia spp.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В статье представлены результаты исследования витаминов в лекарственном растении шалфея Salvia spp. Водорастворимые витамины анализировали с помощью высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии. В этом растении содержатся важные для организма витамины В₁, В₆, В₉, РР, В₂, В₁₂, С. Среди них по количественному содержанию преобладает В₆ (пиридоксин). Витамин B₆ (пиридоксин) необходим для метаболизма белков, жиров и углеводов. Он повышает активность многих ферментов и участвует в выработке энергии. Среди них в количественном отношении преобладают тиамин гидрохлорид (В₁), дефицит которого может вызывать ухудшение общего состояния организма, отеки и сердечную недостаточность, а также никотинамид (В₂). Витамины улучшают способность иммунной системы противостоять действию патогенных факто ров, уменьшает предрасположенность к развитию различных патологических состояний, что представ ляло интерес изучить витаминный состав листьев шалфея лекарственного.

Keywords: Salvia spp. medicinal plant, vitamins, pyridoxine, high-performance liquid chromatography, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, vitamin C.

Ключевые слова: шалфей, лекарственное растение, витамины, пиридоксин, высокоэффективная жидкостная хроматография, тиамин, рибофлавин, ниацин, пиридоксин, витамин С.

 Introduction. Collection of biologically active substances: vitamins, minerals, phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties - antioxidants are more abundant in plants than in animal and human tissues. Today, about 6000 plant antioxidants are known, grouped under the general term flavonoids [1]. All bioflavonoids have a general structure of C6-C3-C6 and are sensitive to free radicals due to the presence of hydroxyl groups [2].

According to the literature, the medicinal plant Salvia spp. contains biologically active substances and is indicated as a promising medicinal plant [3]. Salvia spp. is an important medicinal plant group, with about 1000 species distributed worldwide, containing many natural compounds. Currently, about 300 components have been isolated from Salvia spp. and are distributed in China [4]. Secondary metabolites from plants are a major source of natural products, which are regulated by the environment and genetic background [5]. However, the macro- and microelement and vitamin content of the leaves of Salvia spp. growing in Uzbekistan has not been studied. Considering that people are currently experiencing mental and emotional stress, those prone to stress need significant amounts of macro- and microelements and vitamins. Vitamins improve the immune system's ability to resist pathogenic factors, reducing the tendency to develop various pathological conditions [6]. Preparations made from various types of Salvia spp. are used to treat acute and chronic inflammatory processes, influenza, kidney diseases, nervous system diseases, inflammation of the mucous membranes, cataracts, obesity, and radiculitis [7].

Salvia spp. contains coumarins, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, sclareol, rosmarinic acid, rutin, coumarin, K, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn, Li, Sn salts [8]. The flowers and leaves of Salvia spp. contain aromatic resins, acetic and formic acids, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, vitamin P, nicotinic acid, bitter phytoncides, paradiphenol, 1-25% essential oil. [9]. According to the results of the analysis, the average content of flavonoids in the Salvia spp. plant, regardless of the organs, is 0.14-2.03%, anthocyanins are 0.10-0.31%, and antioxidants are 1.44-4.48 mg/g. Salvia spp. plants contain a variety of vitamins that are important for their nutritional value and health. Depending on the species of sage and the conditions in which it is grown, it may have healing vitamin compositions. Its leaves contain essential oils, tannins, flavonoids, and organic acids.

The chemical composition of the leaves has been extensively studied and described in the literature. The composition of Salvia spp. has been rarely studied in the literature. The composition of Salvia spp. seeds consists of proteins (15-25%), fats (30-33%), carbohydrates (26-41%), high dietary fiber (fiber) (18-30%), ash (4-5%), minerals, vitamins and dry matter (90-93%). It also contains a large amount of macro- and microelements [10]. The main storage protein in the seeds of Salvia spp. is globulin, which accounts for 52% of the total protein content [11].

The flavonoids contained in the extract of the Salvia spp. plant determine its biological value. The biological effects of flavonoids have been identified, including hepatoprotective, antibacterial, and antimicrobial properties. Their vitamin P activity has been known for a long time.

Purpose. This work used the wild medicinal plant Salvia spp., which grows in Uzbekistan. This plant contains a number of vitamins that can have a positive effect on health.

Materials and research methods. The analysis of water-soluble vitamins in the Salvia spp plant was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography using a gradient elution mode and a diode-array detector (DAD). Acetonitrile and buffer solution were used as mobile phases. The spectral range from 200 to 400 nm was studied. Mobile phase (gradient mode) – acetonitrile – buffer solution pH=2.92 (4%: 96%) 0-6 min., (10%: 90%) 6-9 min., (20%: 80%) 9-15., (4%: 96%) 15-20 min. Injection volume: 10 µl. The mobile phase flow rate is 0.75 ml/min. Column – Eclipse XDB – C18. 5.0 microns, 4.6x250mm. Detector – diode matrix detector, wavelengths 272, 292, 254, 297, 360 nm.

Figure1. Example of achromatogram of water-soluble vitamins

Figure2. Example of a chromatogram of water-soluble vitamins

Figure3. Example of a chromatogram of water-soluble vitamins

Results of a study on the determination of vitamins in the plant Salvia spp.

The content of Salvia spp. was determined and the results are presented in Table 1.

Table 1.

The content of Salvia spp.

As can be seen from the data presented in Table 1, the samples contain water-soluble vitamins B₁, B₆, B₉, PP, B₂, B₁₂, vitamin C, which play an important role for the body. Among them, vitamin B6 predominates quantitatively. The quantitative content of vitamin B₆ is 182.32 mg/100g.

Conclusion. The Salvia spp plant contains vitamins B₁, B₂, B₉, and B₆. These vitamins are essential for metabolism, the nervous system, and energy production. Vitamin C is essential for strengthening the immune system and having antioxidant activity, increasing work capacity and improving skin health.

The Salvia spp. plant is also rich in minerals such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, and iron, which support general body functions. Its essential oils have antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. If you want to use Salvia spp. for medicinal purposes, you should always consult a doctor, as the plant has contraindications for certain conditions.

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