IRRIGATION PROCEDURES OF PEARL AND SLAVIA VARIETIES OF SOY PLANTED AFTER WINTER WHEAT

ABSTRACT

Our research on loamy soils in Andijan reveals that additional watering during early soybean growth is unnecessary unless the soil is overly dry. Overwatering can delay flowering and cause excessive stalk growth, while reduced watering promotes a healthier root system. Irrigation during flowering, especially on dry soils, increases yield. We tested various watering schedules, from two to four applications, with specific intervals and volumes based on soil moisture levels. The findings highlight the importance of precise irrigation management to optimize water use and enhance soybean yields.

АННОТАЦИЯ

Наши исследования на суглинистых почвах в регионе Андижан показывают, что дополнительный полив в начальной стадии роста сои не требуется, если почва не чрезмерно сухая. Переувлажнение может задержать цветение и вызвать чрезмерный рост стебля, в то время как сокращение полива способствует здоровой корневой системе. Полив во время цветения, особенно на сухих почвах, увеличивает урожайность. Мы тестировали различные графики полива, от двух до четырех подходов, с определенными интервалами и объемами, основанными на уровнях влажности почвы. Полученные результаты подчеркивают важность точного управления поливом для оптимизации использования воды и увеличения урожайности сои.

Keywords: transpiration coefficient, evotranspiration, marginal field moisture capacity, soil full field moisture capacity.

Ключевые слова: коэффициент транспирации, эвотранспирация, предельная полевая влагоемкость, полная полевая влагоемкость почвы.

The Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated March 14, 2017 PQ-2832 "On measures to organize the cultivation of soybeans and increase the production of soybean legumes in the Republic for 2017-2021" and the Resolution dated June 24, 2017 PQ-3144, which amended and supplemented it, gave an impetus to the development of soy agriculture in the republic.

By establishing soybean cultivation, it is possible to solve the problem of protein deficiency in our country, increase the production of vegetable oil, meet the need for quality protein feed for livestock, and, along with the development of poultry, achieve the provision of high-protein feed.

The timing of soybean irrigation depends on weather conditions, crop growth stages, and a number of other factors. The period of highest water demand for the soybean plant is during flowering, pod formation, and pod filling. If the soy plant is not provided with sufficient water to meet its evapotranspiration needs during this period, yield can significantly decrease.

The plant's water demand varies during different growth stages throughout the season. Soy consumes less irrigation water during early growth stages due to smaller leaf surface area than later stages. Knowing exactly when the plant consumes more and relatively less water can prevent wasteful use of irrigation water and stress due to insufficient humidity for the plant.

The water-holding capacity of the soil and the physical composition of soil moisture determine how much moisture is available for plants. Light-textured soils can hold more moisture than heavy-textured soils. As soil moisture decreases, it becomes more difficult to meet the plant's need for water. When the soil's full moisture capacity is within norms, plants use water to the maximum.

If the soil is not overly dry, additional watering during emergence or vegetative growth is not required. Excessive water consumption during the season could prolong the vegetation period, causing delayed flowering and overgrowth of the plant stalk. Reducing watering during this period helps develop a deeper, healthier root system. Farms growing soy should rely on soil moisture and natural precipitation during the initial growth stages as much as possible.

Irrigation may be necessary during flowering on very dry soils or soils that do not have good water retention. This is because watering during flowering typically increases the yield. While soy is relatively drought-tolerant, it responds well to irrigation.

Our scientific research was conducted on the trial farm lands of the Institute for Scientific Research of Grain and Leguminous Crops in Andijan region, under the conditions of loamy soil, to

Watering schedules were set at 70-70-60% relative to the limited field moisture capacity (LFMC) for variants (1 and 4), where soybean varieties were irrigated twice during the actual period. The interval between waterings was 24 days, with the first watering norm at 1050 m3/ha and the second at 1100 m3/ha. In variants (2 and 5), when set at 75-75-65%, the soybeans were watered three times, with the interval between the first and second waterings being 15 days, and between the second and third waterings 13 days, with watering norms of 900 m3, 700 m3, and 950 m3/ha respectively for the first, second, and third waterings.

For the next variants (3 and 6), when the irrigation schedules were set at 70-80-70% relative to the pre-irrigation soil moisture, the crops were watered four times. The intervals between the waterings were 15 days between the first and second, 13 days between the second and third, and 17 days between the third and fourth waterings. The irrigation norms were 600 m3/ha for the first watering, 650 m3/ha for the second, 700 m3/ha for the third, and again 650 m3/ha for the fourth watering (Table 1).

Conclusion.

Planting soybeans in well-watered fields yields good results, and if the irrigation schedules and norms for soy are properly implemented according to the recommendations of our scientists, it serves as a guarantee for high yields.

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