RESEARCH ON THE RECOVERY PROCESS OF COPPER SMELTER TAILINGS AND SEPARATION OF IRON FROM SOOT USING A MAGNETIC SEPARATOR

ABSTRACT

The article presents the results of research on the technology of extraction of ferrous metals from concentrator waste. Accordingly, based on the analysis of local and foreign literature on the processing of concentrators, the classical pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical technologies for the separation of iron and its compounds from the waste were studied and their advantages and disadvantages were identified. [2; p.29]. Copper production has been shown to generate large amounts of oxidized waste during flotation enrichment of sulfide copper-molybdenum ores and after magnetic enrichment of iron ores. Chemical analysis of the waste showed that it contained large amounts of oxidized iron compounds.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В статье представлены результаты исследований технологии извлечения черных металлов из отходов обогатительных фабрик. Соответственно, на основе анализа отечественной и зарубежной литературы по переработке концентраторов изучены классические пирометаллургическая и гидрометаллургическая технологии выделения железа и его соединений из отходов и выявлены их преимущества и недостатки. Показано, что производство меди приводит к образованию большого количества окисленных отходов при флотационном обогащении сульфидных медно-молибденовых руд и после магнитного обогащения железных руд. Химический анализ отходов показал, что они содержат большое количество окисленных соединений железа.

Keywords: Copper, waste, concentrate, flotation, slag, coke, solution, cake, sulfuric acid, leaching, charge.

Ключевые слова: Медь, отходы, концентрат, флотация, шлак, кокс, раствор, кек, серная кислота, выщелачивание, шихта.

Magnetic enrichment is a process of enrichment of separated components in a magnetic field based on the difference in magnetic attraction properties. The starting material for magnetic enrichment is magnetic and non-magnetic mechanical mixtures, which are separated into magnetic and non-magnetic products in air or water. Magnetic enrichment processes (magnetic sorting) is a process of separating minerals by changing the trajectory of movement of particles with different magnetic properties in a magnetic field. Magnetic enrichment is carried out in magnetic separators[3;p.2]. There is a magnetic field in their working zones, and when material particles move from these working zones, the force of attraction to the magnet is Fmag. Minerals with different magnetic properties are located along different trajectories, and magnetic minerals are divided into magnetic products, and non-magnetic minerals are divided into non-magnetic products. Depending on the application of the separator and the strength of the magnetic field, all magnetic separators are divided into:

1) Separators with a weak magnetic field used to separate strongly magnetic minerals from ore (magnetic field strength from 70 to 120 kA/m and field strength from 3*105 to 6*105 kA2/m³);

2) Separators with a high magnetic field used to separate weakly magnetic minerals from ore (magnetic field strength from 800 to 1600 kA/m and field strength from 3*107 to 120*107 kA2/m³).

Depending on the nature of the medium in which the separation of minerals takes place, all magnetic separators are dry for beneficiation of minerals in an air environment and wet for beneficiation in an aqueous environment. [3; p.5]. Wet magnetic separation is used for minerals with a size from 3 to 50-100, dry, 3(6) mm fine. According to the movements of the products relative to each other, separators with direct flow, counterflow and semi-counterflow baths are used. Depending on the structural structure of the main working body and the type of environment in which the separation takes place, separators are divided as follows: Drum for wet separation (NB), for dry separation (QB), roller for wet separation (NV), roller for dry separation (QV), disk for dry separation (QD). [4; p.5].

Figure 1. The effect of the consumption of the regenerating substance on the recovery process

Table 1.

Consumption of the restorative substance

Figure 2. X-ray image of a magnetic concentrate

Figure 3. Optical microscope image of magnetic separator product: (a) magnetic fraction; (b) non-magnetic fraction. A - metallic phase; Slg - waste

Conclusion/Recommendations: 1) FeO, Fe₂O₃, Fe₃O₄ contained in the wastes of the copper beneficiation factory were reduced to iron by restorative incineration; 2) Using a magnetic separator, a magnetic fraction was obtained from the soot; 3) The non-magnetic fraction was selectively dissolved in sulfuric acid and precipitation of the metals contained in the solution was achieved using the cementation method; 4) As a result of selective melting, it was possible to extract gold and silver metals from the solid cake that did not melt;

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