QUESTIONS INVESTIGATION OF CONTACTLESS RELAY VOLTAGE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS

ABSTRACT

The article deals with the use of thyristor resistive circuits in electrical engineering. By amplifying signals with thyristors, you can control the modes of various devices. The principle of operation and the diagram of a thyristor resistive element for non-contact control of a single-phase static switch are given, which are tested in laboratory conditions and the removal of output, adjustment and external characteristics.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В статье рассматриваются вопросы применения тиристорных резистивных цепей в электротехнике. Усилением сигналов при помощи тиристоров можно управлять режимами разлычных устройств. Приведены принцип работы и схема тиристорного резистивного элемента для бесконтактного управления однофазного статического выключателя, которая испытана в лабораторных условиях и снятие выходных, регулировочных и внешних характеристик.

Keywords: non-linear dynamic circuits, non-contact voltage relay, thyristor, diode, diode bridge, capacitor, resistor.

Ключевые слова: нелинейные динамические цепи, бесконтактное реле напряжения, тиристор, диод, диодный мост, конденсатор, резистор.

Nonlinear dynamic circuits, in connection with the development on their basis of reliable high-quality devices, radio electronics, computer technology and power supply. Later, when creating a non-contact voltage relay with a sinusoidal voltage curve on the load, a non-autonomous nonlinear dynamic circuit was used, consisting of a diode, active resistance and capacitance (Fig. 1) [1-4].

Currently, various methods for analyzing such circuits are widely used.

Figure 1. Scheme of a non-linear electrical circuit

To solve the equation of state of the circuit, we take the ideal characteristic of the diode and assume that . Then from the moment  to  the diode opening circuit equation has the following form:

                                            (1)

given that  we have:

                                        (2)

where,  - is the voltage across the capacitance.

Up to the moment , the voltage on the capacitance is determined taking into account the initial conditions. From time , the diode opens and until time , the voltage across the capacitance remains at the level of the voltage across the capacitance with a different initial condition.

Let's assume that the voltage of the power supply changes according to a sinusoidal law and the thyristor has an ideal characteristic. Until the moment  the thyristor is closed, the voltage across the capacitance C will be zero. At the moment , the thyristor opens abruptly and a voltage of  () will be applied to the capacitance C.

a)                                                                              b)

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of a non-contact voltage relay (a) and the shape of the voltage curve on the capacitance (b)

At time , the voltage across the capacitance C will be equal to the source voltage i.e. , and the thyristor T is closed, so the capacitor is discharged to the resistance R [5-9].

Figure 2, a shows a circuit diagram of a non-contact voltage relay with a sinusoidal voltage across the load. The non-contact voltage relay contains a diode bridge VD₁, in the diagonal of which a controlled thyristor VT₃ is connected, and the diode bridge is connected to the network in series with the load R_load, control signals are supplied to the control electrodes of the power thyristor through a resistor R₃ from the plates of the capacitor C, which is connected in series with two low-power controlled thyristors VT₁ and VT₂ connected to the secondary winding of a step-down transformer, control signals to these thyristors are supplied from the same transformer, respectively, through resistor R₂ and series-connected diode VD₁-VD₅ and resistor R₁ [3-6, 10-16].

Consider the operation of a non-contact voltage relay. At a certain value of the input voltage, the unlocking signal on the control electrode of the thyristor VT₂ reaches a value sufficient to open the thyristor with an angle of 90⁰. After the opening of the thyristor VT₂, the thyristor VT₁ opens and the capacitor C is charged to the voltage of the secondary winding. At the same moment, from the plates of the capacitor C, a controlled signal pulse is applied to the power thyristor VT₃, which has the shape shown in Fig.2b. Since a DC signal is applied to the control electrodes of the thyristor VT₂, it remains constantly open, and a sinusoidal current will flow through the load R₄. The moment of operation of the thyristors VT₂ is controlled by selecting the parameter of the resistor R₁ [3-5, 17-21].

When testing, thyristors of the KU202I, KU202I, KU202R types were used as thyristors, respectively, as a KTs402B diode bridge, as active resistances R₁, R₂, R₃, R_load, respectively, 5.6 kOhm, 160 Ohm, 390 Ohm, 2 ,4 kOhm, as a capacitance C, a capacitor with a capacitance of 30 microfarads, as a transformer, a single-phase transformer with a voltage of 220/24 V was used. Experimental studies have shown that the load R_load=2.4 kOhm was connected to the network at a voltage of 220V [22].

The appearance of the investigated voltage relay is shown in Fig. 3a and the voltage characteristic "input-output" in Fig. 3b.

Figure 3. The appearance of a non-contact thyristor voltage relay (a) and its “input-output” voltage characteristic (b)

Analysis of the study shows that the load Rload is connected to the network at a voltage of 220 V. Based on the above diagram, the developed voltage relay provides a sinusoidal voltage curve on the load, while the return coefficient is close to unity.

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