Doctor of Technical Sciences (DSc), Jizzakh Polytechnic Institute, Respubliyc of Uzbekistan, Jizzakh
PRODUCTION OF HEAT AND FIRE-RESISTANT BUILDING BOARDS BASED ON VERMICULITE
ПРОИЗВОДСТВО ТЕПЛООГНЕСТОЙКИХ И ОГНЕСТОЙКИХ СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПЛИТ НА ОСНОВЕ ВЕРМИКУЛИТА
28.04.2026
62
Цитировать:
PRODUCTION OF HEAT AND FIRE-RESISTANT BUILDING BOARDS BASED ON VERMICULITE // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. Sabirov B. [и др.]. 2026. 4(145). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/22327 (дата обращения: 07.05.2026).
DOI - 10.32743/UniTech.2026.145.4.22327
Статья поступила в редакцию: 19.03.2026
Принята к публикации: 14.04.2026
Опубликована: 28.04.2026
ABSTRACT
This article studies the issues of creating effective compositions of vermiculite plates with functional properties, heat-insulating and fire-resistant vermiculite plates based on vermiculite concentrate and expanded vermiculite, and studying their properties. It is reported that new optimal compositions of vermiculite plates with fire-resistant and heat-insulating mixtures were obtained based on local raw materials - expanded vermiculite, liquid glass, microsilica and raw materials of various compositions.
АННОТАЦИЯ
В данной статье рассматриваются вопросы создания эффективных составов вермикулитовых плит с функциональными свойствами, теплоизоляционных и огнестойких вермикулитовых плит на основе вермикулитового концентрата и вспученного вермикулита, а также изучаются их свойства. Представлены результаты получения новых оптимальных составов вермикулитовых плит с огнестойкими и теплоизоляционными смесями на основе местного сырья – вспученного вермикулита, жидкого стекла, микрокремнезема и сырья различного состава.
Keywords: vermiculite concentrate, expanded vermiculite, coarse and fine filler, liquid glass, thermal conductivity, strength, expansion coefficient, pressing.
Ключевые слова: вермикулитовый концентрат, вспученный вермикулит, крупнозернистый и мелкозернистый наполнитель, жидкое стекло, теплопроводность, прочность, коэффициент расширения, прессование.
Introduction. In our Republic, in particular in the construction sector and the building materials production industry, these problems are systematically present, and certain achievements are being made in the search for solutions to them, modernization of the production of building materials and products, effective use of local and secondary raw materials in the production of building materials, and at the same time, increasing their widespread use in the construction industry as modern energy-efficient building materials. It should be noted that there is a need to accelerate scientific research aimed at producing new types of import-substituting building materials from local raw materials and secondary resources, and producing materials in demand based on the widespread and targeted use of industrial waste in production. The Resolutions of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PQ-4477 dated October 4, 2019 “On approval of the Strategy of the Transition of the Republic of Uzbekistan to a “Green” Economy for 2019-2030”, Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 327 dated May 27, 2021 “On additional measures to expand the raw material base for deep processing of natural raw materials and mineral resources of the Republic of Karakalpakstan in 2021-2022 and create an added value chain on this basis” and all regulatory legal acts related to this activity serve to implement the tasks set forth in them. Vermiculite products are used in industrial and civil construction due to their thermal insulation, acoustic and decorative properties. Vermiculite plates are used for roofless equipment of industrial buildings, for warming walls and partitions in basements of residential buildings. They also serve as sound insulation in interfloor overlaps of prefabricated reinforced concrete slab houses. The most remarkable property of vermiculite is the ability of individual mica plates, partially interconnected, to separate upon rapid heating. As a result of such separation, vermiculite grains strongly expand [1].
Materials and methods used. Laboratory research and experimental tests were carried out using vermiculite raw materials extracted industrially from the Tebinbulak vermiculite deposit in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Two types of thermal insulation products can be prepared from expanded vermiculite by adding binders:
a) unfired - asbestos-vermiculite and vermiculite concretes with an application temperature of up to 600oC;
b) fired - ceramic vermiculite with an application temperature of up to 1100oC.
Based on the research tasks set out in the research plan for the mined vermiculite concentrate, the following sequence was carried out:
- screening of mined and enriched vermiculite concentrates, separation into small and large fractions;
- determination of the specific gravity of the vermiculite concentrate;
- determination of the chemical composition of the vermiculite concentrate;
- enrichment of the vermiculite concentrate in a conveyor furnace at a temperature range of 870±950 oC;
- enrichment using a chemical method using a solution of hydrogen peroxide of various concentrations;
- determination of the specific gravity of vermiculites enriched by thermal and chemical methods;
- determination of the bulk density of the enriched vermiculite;
- comparative study and analysis of the physical and technical properties of vermiculites enriched by thermal and chemical methods.
Experimental results.
Expanded vermiculite has a silver or golden color. Vermiculite is a dispersible thermal insulation material in the form of fine-grained particles (grains) obtained by crushing and baking raw materials. Vermiculite concentrate is a complex highly hydrated magnesium aluminosilicate, characterized by variability in chemical composition. The order of vermiculite components can fluctuate within the following % limits: SiO2 37-42, MgO 14-28, Fe2O3 5-17, FeO 1-3, Al2O3 10-13, H2O 8-20. In addition, vermiculite may contain a small amount (up to 1-2%) of K2O+Na2O. When using liquid glass as a binder, it is possible to obtain heat-shielding and fire-resistant vermiculite plates based on expanded vermiculite that are resistant to high temperatures [5].
Experimental and test works Vermiculite ore extracted industrially from the Tebinbulak vermiculite deposit located in the Kara-Uzak region of the Republic of Karakalpakstan from the mining site allocated to “TRIUMF-VERMICULITE” LLC in accordance with the established procedure on the basis of a license was used. Vermiculite concentrate was divided into fractions: silver-colored large fraction - 5.0; 6.0; 7.0 mm in size, medium fraction - 2.2÷3.0 and 3.0÷4.0 mm in size, fine - 0.6÷1.6 and 1.6÷2.2 mm in size and gold-colored vermiculite concentrate with 2 small fractions 0.6÷1.6 and 1.6÷2.2 mm in size [1,3].
The research also used several vermiculite concentrates with small, medium and large grain sizes obtained by crushing and enriching vermiculite raw materials at the enterprise (1-rasm)
/Abdurahimov.files/1.png)
Figure 1. Silver and gold-colored vermiculite concentrates of various grain sizes obtained by crushing and enriching vermiculite raw materials from the Tebinbulak deposit
Based on the enrichment and sorting technology available at the enterprise, when crushing vermiculite raw materials, they are crushed separately according to their silver or gold content, each of which is separated into the following fractions: silver-colored concentrate: 0.8÷1.6 mm; 1.6÷2.0 mm, 2.3÷3.0 mm; 3.0÷4.0 mm; 5.0 mm; 6.0 mm and 7.0 mm, and gold-colored vermiculite concentrate is separated into fractions of 0.8÷1.6 mm and 1.6÷2.2 mm. Expanded vermiculite obtained by high-temperature processing of vermiculite concentrate from the Tebinbulak deposit corresponds to the indicators specified in GOST 12865-87 "Expanded vermiculite. Official publication" and is classified as 100, 150, 200 and 300.
Expansion at high temperatures (T>300 °C) (Fig. 2) [2] As noted by the researchers in the data presented in [2], the expansion effect is not observed in muscovite and “hard” phlogopite when heated to 300 °C. The authors suggest that when heating these micas to T<300 °C, the “interlayer spacing” in their crystals is too narrow for N2O molecules to pass through. Heating such micas to 500-800 °C leads to an expansion of the interlayer spacing to the level characteristic of hydrated micas. This, in turn, allows water molecules to fill the interlayer spaces between the structure. At such high temperatures, constitutional (hydroxyl) water molecules located in the three-layer package itself migrate into the interlayer space in the structure. The accumulation of water in the microinterstices of the crystal causes its proliferation [3].
/Abdurahimov.files/2.png)
Figure 2. Propagation of vermiculite concentrate by H2O2
In chemical dispersion, to accelerate the multiplication process, 3-5 drops of strongly concentrated acids such as HCl, H2SO4, H3PO4, HNO3 or HF are added to the N2O2 solution as catalysts. In this case, the need for additional consumption of hydrogen peroxide disappears, the multiplication process accelerates rapidly, and the multiplication efficiency is completed in 1-3 days. In this case, the multiplication process is monitored every 5-6 hours.
Table 1.
Extension of vermiculite concentrate under the influence of H2O2 and expansion coefficients of expanded vermiculite
|
№ |
Grain size of the vermiculite concentrate fraction, mm |
Bulk density of vermiculite concentrate, g/cm3 |
Bulk density of expanded vermiculite, g/cm3 |
Multiplication coefficient |
|
1. |
0,8÷1,6 |
1,017 |
0,145 |
7,01 |
|
2. |
1,6÷2,2 |
0,990 |
0,155 |
6,83 |
The above tables show that when we compare the physical and technical indicators of vermiculites expanded by the traditional thermal and chemical methods under the influence of N2O2, we also find differences in color changes during the expansion process, that is, if the thermal method turned orange-golden, then the chemical method changed to a color close to light green. Also, the expansion coefficient of vermiculite expanded by the chemical method under the influence of N2O2 was 50-60% higher than that of vermiculite expanded by the traditional thermal method, depending on the different fractions of vermiculite, and the higher the fraction size of the vermiculite concentrate, the higher the expansion coefficient.
Conclusion: The production of fire-resistant plates based on the unique thermal insulation properties of vermiculite mineral is a promising direction in building materials science. The results of the research show that vermiculite-based composite materials are distinguished not only by their high temperature resistance, but also by their environmental safety and lightness. The implementation of this technology will allow expanding the range of local building materials that fully meet fire safety requirements and increase energy efficiency. It was found that when vermiculite concentrate is heated to a temperature of 870-950oC during the process of increasing the concentration under the influence of H2O2, the volume of the mineral in the vermiculite concentrate fraction with a grain size of 0,8÷1,6 mm and 1,6÷2,2 mm increases by 7,01 and 6,83 times due to the evaporation of interlayer bound water. The porous structure formed as a result of this process reduces the thermal conductivity of the material to a minimum.
References:
- Vermikulit asosida issiqlik saqlovchi qurilish materiallarini ishlab chiqarish bo‘yicha amaliy uslubiy qo‘llanma. “O‘zsanoatqurilishbank” ATB-2021 yil.
- Shakirov S. L. T. T., Tursunov B. D. S. B. A., Odiljanov A. Z. The Study of the Physical and Mechanical Properties and Thermal Conductivity Coefficient of Ultra-light Concrete Obtained on the Basis of Local Vermiculite //World Bulletin of Social Sciences. – 2022. – Т. 14. – С. 36-39.
- Ganiev A., Tursunov B., Karshiev E. Study of physical and mechanical properties of high strong concrete with chemical additives //American Institute of Physics Conference Series. – 2022. – Т. 2432. – №. 1. – С. 050046.
- ГОСТ 7076-99 “Материалы и изделия строительные. Метод оределения теплопроводности и термического сопротивления при стационарном тепловом режиме”.
- ГОСТ 12865-2025 “Bермикулит вспученный”. Технические условия.
- ГОСТ 177-88 “Водорода перекись”. Технические условия
- Муртазаев С. А. Ю. и др. Горные породы вулканического происхождения как заполнители для получения легких бетонов //Научное обозрение. – 2015. – №. 17. – С. 105-112.
- Akramov X. A., Ganiyev A. To Produce an Effective Composition of Vermiculite Plita and to Study the Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity //The Peerian Journal. – 2022. – Т. 8. – С. 29-37.
Информация об авторах
д-р техн. наук (DSc), Джизакский политехнический институт, Республика Узбекистан, г. Джизак
Doctor of Technical Sciences (DSc), Jizzakh Polytechnic Institute, Respubliyc of Uzbekistan, Jizzakh
д-р техн. наук (DSc), Джизакский политехнический институт, Республика Узбекистан, г. Джизак
Doctoral student, Tashkent University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent
докторант Ташкентского архитектурно-строительного университета, Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент
Doctoral student, Tashkent University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent
докторант Ташкентского архитектурно-строительного университета, Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент