MODERN APPROACHES TO THE APPLICATION OF GEOINNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN ROAD STRUCTURE DESIGN AND CADASTRAL WORKS

ABSTRACT

The article analyzes the legal, organizational, and technological foundations of maintaining the state cadastral system of roads in Uzbekistan. It reviews government decrees and orders, their implementation, and the procedures for forming, managing, and providing cadastral data. Modern technical and innovative technologies, as well as design and monitoring based on remote sensing, are examined. The processes of creating geoinformation databases, integrating them into a digital platform, and developing digital models of road infrastructure are analyzed. Based on advanced international experience, scientific and practical recommendations for Uzbekistan are proposed to improve the accuracy, reliability, and automation of cadastral management. 

АННОТАЦИЯ

В статье проанализированы правовые, организационные и технологические основы ведения государственного кадастра автомобильных дорог в Узбекистане. Рассмотрены постановления и приказы правительства, их исполнение, а также порядок формирования, ведения и предоставления кадастровых данных. Изучены современные технические и инновационные технологии, проектирование и контроль на основе дистанционного зондирования. Проанализированы процессы создания геоинформационных баз, их интеграция в цифровую платформу и формирование цифровых моделей дорожной инфраструктуры. На основе передового зарубежного опыта предложены научно-практические рекомендации для Узбекистана, направленные на повышение точности, надежности и автоматизации ведения кадастра.

Keywords: State cadastre of highways, geographic information system (GIS), software, ArcGIS, Agisoft MetaShape, thematic layer, database, attribute data, state geodetic networks, planned elevation profiles.

Ключевые слова: Государственный кадастр автомобильных дорог, геоинформационная система (ГИС), программное обеспечение, ArcGIS, Agisoft MetaShape, тематический слой, база данных, атрибутивные данные, государственные геодезические сети, плановые профили высот.

Introduction. In our Republic, the maintenance of the state cadastre of automobile roads and the execution of related design works are based on a number of legal documents, including the Law “On State Cadasters,” the Resolution No. 66 of the Cabinet of Ministers dated February 16, 2005, as well as the Regulation entitled “The Composition of State Cadastre Data Belonging to the Unified State Cadastre System and the Procedure for Their Provision,” approved by the Committee “Davergeodezkadastr” in 2014 under No. 2618 and registered with the Ministry of Justice [4].

To maintain the state cadastre of automobile roads and to carry out design works, statistical data regarding the attributes and geographic location of roads are required. In our Republic, existing automobile roads are classified into international, national, and local significance. International roads include M34, M37, M39, M41, A373, A376, A377, A378, A379, A380, and A381, with a total length exceeding 3,980 km. Roads of national significance have a total length of over 14,070 km, while roads of local significance exceed 24,600 km in length. Overall, the total length of classified automobile roads of international, national, and local significance exceeds 42,650 km [1].

Problems. Cadastral passports exist for all types of automobile roads in the territory of our Republic, and drawings related to the location of the roads have been created using various types of software. However, the paper-based cadastral passports and drawings prepared by different organizations in various formats have not been systematized. Moreover, they have not been projected into a unified state coordinate system. Although topographic plans showing the geographic location of all automobile roads exist in electronic form, they do not meet the required standards for providing interactive services to the government.

Proposals. Based on the problems identified above, it is advisable to first create a generalized geospatial database of automobile roads at the national level in a small scale (1:50,000). Subsequently, it is proposed to progressively update the geospatial database for major automobile roads at a larger scale (1:2,000). Overall, the resulting geospatial database of automobile roads will enable rapid access to analytical results and allow effective transmission of information to the relevant organizations.

Mechanism. To organize the work purposefully and achieve optimal results, the steps presented in Table 1 are recommended.

Table 1.

Achieve optimal results

The higher-level organization’s purposeful arrangement of the mechanism provides the basis for the systematic formation of information on the integration of all ongoing topographic and geodetic field survey results from the regions into the geospatial database (Figure 1) [5].

Figure 1. Integration of Satellite Imagery and Topographic Map

Results. Once the mechanism is operational, it enables extensive use of the geospatial database. For example, consider the damage at the Sardoba reservoir. Within five minutes of receiving a flood warning, analytical results can be generated based on the geospatial database, taking into account the type of road construction, traffic intensity, and the date of road reconstruction [6]. Based on the analysis, optimal routes for evacuating the population to safe locations can be determined, as well as the most suitable roads for special teams to access the site to eliminate the hazard, providing highly accurate information (Figure 2).

Figure 2. Automobile Road with Completed Attributes in ArcGIS

Prospects. Based on the attribute data of thematic layers in the geospatial database of automobile roads, it is possible to analyze information about roads required for reconstruction dates or for implementing road design projects. Additionally, there is the capability to create a volumetric map of earthwork operations and to visualize the area in three-dimensional form. Using the thematic layers of the geospatial database created for the study area, a three-dimensional model of the automobile roads was formed and has been extensively utilized by specialists in the implementation of road design works [3].  Aerial images captured by drones can be used for topographic and geodetic examination of the area and for creating a three-dimensional model (Figure 3).

Conclusions. Maintaining the record of automobile roads in an electronic and digital format not only enables efficient management of road construction but also provides foreign investors with a complete visual understanding of modern toll road projects announced through government tenders. This system also lays the groundwork for promoting road tourism, as seen in developed countries, and further improving the infrastructure in our Republic. Most importantly, in the event of various natural disasters, such as floods, landslides, or storms, it allows the provision of analytical conclusions based on great-circle (orthodromic) and rhumb-line (loxodromic) theory, enabling critical tasks such as preemptively evacuating the population to safe locations. In this way, electronic geospatial data and digital models serve as modern and effective tools for managing road traffic and ensuring safety.

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