EFFECTIVE COMPOSITIONS OF FINISHING BUILDING MIXTURES USING LOCAL RAW MATERIALS

АННОТАЦИЯ

Разработка декоративных строительных смесей с улучшенными эксплуатационными характеристиками и сниженной стоимостью является важной задачей современного строительного материаловедения. Использование местного сырья не только снижает производственные затраты, но и способствует экологической и экономической устойчивости. В данной работе исследован эффективный состав декоративных строительных смесей на основе минеральных вяжущих, наполнителей и модифицирующих добавок, полученных из местного сырья. Лабораторными исследованиями определены оптимальные соотношения цемента, гипса, мраморной муки, кварцевого песка и пигментов для декоративных покрытий. Результаты показывают, что включение минеральных наполнителей в сочетании с химическими добавками улучшает прочность, адгезию, водостойкость и декоративные свойства. Предложенные составы обеспечивают высокие эксплуатационные характеристики при снижении зависимости от импортного сырья.

ABSTRACT

The development of decorative building mixtures with improved performance and reduced cost is an important task in modern construction materials science. The use of local raw materials not only lowers production expenses but also contributes to ecological and economic sustainability. This study investigates the effective composition of decorative building mixtures based on mineral binders, fillers, and modifying additives derived from locally available resources. Laboratory tests determined the optimal proportions of cement, gypsum, marble flour, quartz sand, and pigments for decorative coatings. Results show that the inclusion of mineral fillers in combination with chemical additives improves strength, adhesion, water resistance, and decorative qualities. The proposed compositions ensure high performance while reducing dependence on imported raw materials.

Ключевые слова: декоративные смеси, местное сырье, минеральные наполнители, пигменты, строительные материалы, эффективность.

Keywords: decorative mixtures, local raw materials, mineral fillers, pigments, construction materials, efficiency.

Introduction.

In recent years, the demand for decorative building materials has significantly increased due to the rapid growth of the construction industry and the need for high-quality finishes. Traditional compositions often rely on imported pigments, mineral fillers, and chemical additives, which increase production costs. The rational use of local raw materials provides an opportunity to develop competitive and environmentally sustainable decorative mixtures [1, 2, 3].

The main objective of this research is to design and optimize effective decorative building mixtures by using natural resources available in the region, while maintaining or improving the operational and aesthetic properties of the materials.

Materials and Methods.

For this study, the following local raw materials were selected:

Binders: Portland cement (M400), gypsum binder (G-5).

Fillers: finely ground quartz sand, marble flour obtained from local processing plants [4, 5].

Pigments: natural iron oxide pigments (red, yellow, brown), ultramarine, and chromium oxide.

Additives: plasticizers (lignosulfonates), water-retaining agents (CMC, methylcellulose).

Methods of Research:

Compositional Analysis: Experimental mixes were prepared with varying ratios of binders and fillers.

Physical-Mechanical Tests: Compressive strength, flexural strength, adhesion to substrate, and density were measured according to GOST and EN standards [6].

Durability Assessment: Water absorption, frost resistance, and resistance to aggressive environments were tested.

Decorative Evaluation: Color stability and surface smoothness were visually and instrumentally analyzed [7].

Results and Discussion

The experimental results demonstrated that the replacement of part of the cement with gypsum and marble flour led to a 12–18% reduction in production cost while maintaining the required strength parameters.

Optimal ratio of binder to filler: 1:1.5 (by weight).

Addition of 0.3% plasticizer improved workability and surface smoothness.

Water absorption decreased by 10–12% with the inclusion of marble flour.

Decorative properties (color stability, texture) improved significantly with natural pigments, ensuring uniform distribution and long-term stability.

A comparative analysis (Table 1) shows the advantages of the optimized composition compared to standard decorative mixtures [8].

Table 1.

Properties of Decorative Mixtures Based on Local Raw Materials.

The results confirm that the use of local mineral fillers and pigments significantly improves both performance and economic indicators of decorative mixtures [9].

Table 2.

Adhesion of Decorative Mixtures

Figure 1. Results

Table 3.

Water Absorption of Decorative Mixtures

Figure 2. Results

Conclusion. The study demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of using local raw materials in the production of decorative building mixtures. The optimized compositions showed improved strength, adhesion, and durability, along with enhanced decorative properties. Additionally, the replacement of imported raw materials with locally available alternatives reduces costs and promotes regional resource utilization. Future work will focus on scaling up the proposed compositions for industrial production and investigating long-term performance in real construction conditions.

References:

1. Ivanov, P.P., Materials Science in Construction. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 2020.
2. Sidorov, V.A., Decorative Building Materials: Properties and Applications. St. Petersburg: Polytechnic University Press, 2019.
3. Universum Scientific-Technical Journal, Requirements for Authors, 2023.
4. EN 998-1:2016. Specification for mortar for masonry – Part 1: Rendering and plastering mortar.
5. GOST 31357-2007. Dry building mixes. General specifications.
6. Belan V. I. Application of Dry Mixes in Construction of Novosibirsk Region / V. I. Belan, E. G. Neradovsky, V. A. Bezborodov // Resource- and Energy-Saving Technologies in Production of Building Materials. Part 1. - Novosibirsk: NGAS, 1997. - Pp. 31-33.
7. Denisov G. A. Dry Mixture Plants, Waste-Free Thermal Power Plants and Environmentally Friendly Technologies // Building Materials. - 2002, - No. 9. - Pp. 4-7.
8. Kozlov V. V. Dry Building Mixes: A Tutorial. - Moscow: ASV Publishing House, 2000. - 96 p.
9. Dry Building Mixes and Technology of Their Application / V. A. Bezborodov, E. V. Parikova, A. P. Pichugin. - Monograph. - Novosibirsk: 2010, -126 p.