ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF INNOVATIVE METHODS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF PNEUMATIC TRANSPORT ELEMENTS IN ORDER TO REDUCE DAMAGE TO COTTON SEEDS AND FIBERS

ABSTRACT

At cotton ginning plants, cotton is transported from the bale to the production shops by pneumatic transport. The main elements of pneumatic transport are the stone trap and separator, which serve to separate cotton from heavy impurities and air. In this article, the authors show ways to prevent damage to seeds and fiber by reducing the impact force using innovative developments. The article also describes the pneumatic transport system for transporting raw cotton, which is widely used at cotton ginning plants in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The elements of the pneumatic transport system have been improved in order to preserve the natural properties of raw cotton to prevent damage to cotton seeds and fiber.

АННОТАЦИЯ

На хлопкоочистительных предприятиях хлопок транспортируется от бунта до производственных цехов пневмотранспортом. Основными элементами пневмотранспорта являются камнеуловитель и сепаратор, которые служат для отделения хлопка от тяжелых примесей и воздуха. В данной статье авторы показывают способы предотвращения повреждения семян и волокна за счет снижения силы удара с использованием инновационных разработок. Также в статье охарактеризована пневмотранспотрная система транспортировки хлопка-сырца, которая широко применяется на хлопкоочистительных предприятиях Республики Узбекистан. Усовершенствованы элементы прневмотранспортной системы в целях сохранения природных свойств хлопка-сырца для предотвращения повреждаемости хлопковых семян и волокна.

Keywords: pneumatic transport system, bends, research and development, analysis, innovative developments, elements of the pneumatic transport system, damage to seeds and fibers.

Ключевые слова: пневмотранспортная система, отводы, научно-исследовательские работы, анализ, инновационные разработки, элементы пневмотранспортной системы, поврежденние семян и волокон.

Introduction

The first device for transporting material using pneumatic transport began to be used in 1893, and the developer of this device was Dorfman. A pneumatic cotton conveyor is a system that uses air flow to move raw cotton. It includes fans, ducts, unloaders and other components to efficiently transport the material.

Pneumatic conveying device for transportation has a number of advantages over mechanical conveyors. Achievements in the field of scientific research have improved the process of transportation using pneumatic transport. As a result of the application of many technical solutions developed by scientists to date, technical and technological indicators pneumatic transport device raw cotton production has improved significantly.

A number of scientific studies have been conducted to improve the process transportation of raw cotton by pneumatic conveying device. Their main direction consists mainly of maintaining the quality of transported raw cotton, reducing seed damage, energy consumption and emission of dusty air into the atmosphere. 

The aim of this study is to investigate and analyze works devoted to the development of new improved designs of pneumatic transport system elements.

The objectives of this study are to develop new improved elements of the pneumatic transport system.

In the studies, the movement of raw cotton was considered in connection with the working processes of machines and equipment for processing raw cotton. 

In the works, studies were conducted on the process of impact on pipes during the transportation of seeds. A. Burkhanov [1] took the seed of raw cotton as a spherical body with a radius of 0.3 cm. The force of impact, the calculation of the time of impact, was demonstrated by the scientist both theoretically and practically.

H. Akhmadkhodjaev, in order to reduce damage to raw cotton seeds caused by the uneven movement of raw cotton in metal pipes, proposes replacing metal pipes with polymer pipes.

When raw cotton is transported in polymer pipes, its friction with the working surfaces decreases. And this reduces damage to raw cotton. That is, seed damage decreases by 15-25%, the formation of technological defects in the fiber decreases by 10-20% [2]. In this work, the influence of the geometric dimensions of the pipe on seed damage under various transportation modes was studied. It was determined that the degree of seed damage is affected by the radius of curvature of the pipe and the speed of cotton transportation [3].

Materials and methods

Now let's get acquainted with the work on improving the elements of the pneumatic transport device in order to reduce seed damage.

Studies were conducted to determine the damage to cotton seeds during transportation of raw cotton through metal-polymer pipelines and it was established that the influence of the air flow rate, the concentration of the air mixture , the humidity of the raw cotton and the frequency of its passage through the pneumatic transport unit on the degree of damage to cotton seeds [4].

The air flow speed from 20 to 36 m/s was regulated by changing the position of the fan flap. The concentration of the air mixture was 0.40-1.35, the frequency of passing raw cotton through the pneumatic transport unit was 1-9. Cotton was fed into the pipeline manually. After each pass through the unit, samples were taken, which were then processed in a laboratory gin VL-10, and samples with increased humidity were first dried to the conditioned level [5]. The analyses were carried out in fivefold repetition.

Results and discussions

The studies were conducted on a suction-type pneumatic transport unit. The length of metal-polymer pipelines with a diameter of 300 mm and three elbows at an angle of 90° was 60 m (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. Design of the pneumatic transport unit

Figure2. Design of the experimental setup

The design of the basic experimental setup is shown in Fig. 2. The arrows indicate the direction of the raw cotton, where the direction of the raw cotton moves toward the target. The angle of impact of the raw cotton with the target is 45°, 60°, 75° and 90°. The targets were 5 mm thick steel plates fixed to the ends of cut cylindrical bushings. The angle α between the plates and the bushing axis was 45°, 60°, 75° and 90°. The raw materials used in the experiments were medium-fiber cotton fabric grade 108-F II with a moisture content of 8.0% and fine-fiber cotton fabric grade S-6037 II with a moisture content of 7.9%.

The experiments were conducted at impact speeds of the parts on the target surfaces of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 m/s. In each experiment, 100 g of raw cotton was taken from the device and analyzed for seed damage after the experiment.

Conclusion

Having analyzed the studies conducted to improve the elements of the device that transports raw cotton in pneumatic pipes in order to reduce seed damage , the following conclusions can be made. The main element of the device is a metal pipe with a diameter of 400 mm.

The results of the experimental analysis showed that minor damage to cotton seeds was observed when they hit the working surfaces of the cotton gin at an angle of 45°. At the same time, as a result of comparing Figures 2.3 and 2.4, it can be concluded that the seeds of raw material of the S-6037 variety are less damaged than the seeds of cotton of the 108-F variety. The impact of the parts on the surface at a speed of 25-30 m/s made this difference 10-15%.

References:

1. Burkhanov. A. Improvement of working elements of pneumatic transport system for the purpose of preserving natural properties of processed cotton seeds. // Diss . Cand . Tech . Sci. (Eng.). Tashkent, 1987-171 p.
2. Akhmedkhodjaev H.T., Aliev M.A. On seed damage during pneumatic transport of raw cotton. // J. Cotton Industry, 1977. No. 2, pp. 10-11.
3. Muradov R.M., Mukhametshina E.T. Analysis of the study on improving the elements of pneumatic transport installations in order to reduce damage to cotton seeds // Universum : technical sciences: electronic. scientific journal. 2020. No. 6 (75).
4. Muradov R. M., Abbazov I. Z., Mukhametshina E. T. Analysis of the degree of seed damage in the technological process of primary processing of raw cotton // Innovative approaches in modern science. - 2020. - P. 81-88.
5. Ziyaev H.A. Study of the influence of geometric parameters of bends on seed damage during pneumatic transportation // Cotton industry. – 1980. – No. 1. – P. 15–16.