ANALYSIS OF HEATING OF SOWING SEEDS IN DELINTERS

ABSTRACT

The article presents the results of the analysis of seed heating in real seed preparation shops (using mechanical and chemical stripping machines). Experimental work was carried out in the “Syrdaryo Best Seeds” LLC and “Poly Tex Seed Cluster” LLC seed preparation workshops in the “Seed Development Center” system with 10 repetitions. The temperature of seeds in the OC-01 and TR 1000 delinting machines was measured using a non-contact UNI-T UT303A device. The obtained results show that in the seed preparation shops, during the process of mechanical and chemical stripping, heating of seeds from 12,0  to 48,4  was observed. This, in turn, leads to a decrease in the rate of seed germination.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В статье представлены результаты анализа нагрева семян при механическом и химическом оголении, в цехах подготовки посевных семян. Экспериментальная работа проводилась в цехах подготовки семян ООО «Syrdaryo Best Seeds» и ООО «Poly Tex Seed Cluster» в системе «Центр развития семеноводства» с 10 повторениями. Температура семян в делинтерных машинах ОС-01 и ТР 1000 измерялась с помощью бесконтактного прибора UNI-T UT303A. Полученные результаты показывают, что в цехах подготовки посевных семян, при процессе механического и химического оголения наблюдался нагрев семян от 12,0  до 48,4 . Это, в свою очередь, приводит к снижению скорости прорастания семян.

Keywords: seed preparation shop, mechanical and chemical stripping, delinting, thermal probe, temperature.

Ключевые слова: семяподготовительный цех, механическое и химическое оголение, делинтерование, термощуп, температура.

Introduction. The demand for fiber produced by cotton ginning enterprises in the world market is determined by the climate of Uzbekistan, the selection of high-quality seed planting sites adapted to the soil conditions, agrotechnics and processing technology of the cultivated seed cotton [1–3; 6; 8; 11, 13–15].

After fiber, cotton lint and delint is one of the most important raw materials in the textile, chemical and cellulose-paper industries.

Delint is separated during stripping of the seed. Stripping of seeds is carried out chemically and mechanically.

In the process of mechanical stripping, in the delinter equipment, the pubescent seed is lowered through the feeder at the beginning of its longitudinal length and begins to move under the influence of drums with steel wire brushes. In this case, lint are separated as a result of mechanical action and friction of the seeds with each other and with the mesh surface. As a result of frictional forces and mechanical impact, heating of seeds occurs.

In the process of stripping by means of chemical methods, the fibers on the surface of the seed are completely dissolved with the help of strong acids, and the stripped seed is cleaned of acid residues by washing with water. The heat produced by the acid reacting with the moisture quickly breaks down the delint in the seed. The generated heat passes through the seed coat and has a negative effect on its kernel.

Currently, it is important to pay attention to reducing the cost of energy spent on separating the delint in the process of obtaining stripped seed, ensuring the efficiency of processing with existing delinting machines, and reducing heating and mechanical damage of the seed during delinting.

OC-01 machine (Fig. 1) consists of two consecutive working chambers 1 of the same diameter. Each chamber is equipped with two metal brush drums. In the upper part of the working chamber there is a seed roller formed along the length of the drum and a leather cover 2 that forms the working chamber. The seed enters the machine through the supply pipe 3 and is distributed to both drums by means of an adjustment valve 4 between the drums located in the lower part.

Each pair of drums is driven separately by an electric drive 5. The arrangement of the brush drum and covers allows the drums to be reversed when the ends of the wires are blunt.

1 – working chamber; 2 – leather cover; 3 – supply pipe; 4 – adjustment valve; 5 – electric drive.

Figure 1. OC-01 delinting machine

During the seed stripping process, its heating is determined using contact and non-contact devices (Fig. 2).

Figure 2. Determination of seed heating using contact and non-contact devices

HT-9815 is a four-flow thermometer that allows to measure temperature from four points at the same time. To start the device, a 12A battery is placed at the bottom of the back of the device. When placing the battery, it is necessary to match the polarity (negative or positive) of the device. Four sensors (thermocouples), considered the main working part of the equipment, are attached to the upper part of the equipment T₁ , T₂ , T₃ , and T₄  are placed in order in a sequence such as In that case, the poles of the sensor must match the poles indicated on the equipment.

The device's sensor tips are placed at any one or four points on the object whose temperature is being measured, and within a few seconds, the readings of each sensor are displayed on the screen. The permissible error coefficient of the device is ± 1 ℃.

UNI-T UT303A – the digital thermometer is a reliable and easy-to-use infrared pyrometer designed for non-contact measurement of surface temperatures in a wide range from -32 ~ 800 . This device is suitable for use in industry, construction, automotive and other areas where accurate and fast temperature measurement is required without direct contact with the object. The device has an LED indicator for exceeding temperature limits, which is convenient for regular temperature monitoring.

Experimental part. Experimental work on measuring the exit temperature of seeds in seed stripping machines in production was carried out in the seed stripping department of “Syrdaryo best seeds” LLC in the “Seed Development Center” system with 10 repetitions.

At “Syrdaryo best seeds” LLC, seeds are stripped using two-stage stripping technology. The technology of this enterprise includes ЧСА cleaning unit and six     OС-01 delinting machines.

The temperature of the seed was measured by a non-contact UNI-T UT303A instrument in the ЧСА cleaning unit and OС-01 delinting machine .

Literature and internet sources were used in the research process [4; 5; 7; 9; 16].

Analysis of results. Information on the obtained results is presented in table 1. The analysis of the histogram based on these results (Figure 3) shows that after the ЧСА equipment, the temperature of the seed in delinting machines 12,6varies from to 39,2 . An increase in the temperature of the seed has a negative effect on its germination rate.

Table 1

1st generation in the seed preparation workshop of “Syrdaryo Best Seeds” LLC

the results of the experiment on the selection variety  (mechanical stripping method)

Figure 3. Temperature of seed cotton during cleaning and delinting process

The next experimental work was carried out in the “Poly Tex Seed Cluster” LLC seed preparation workshop in the “Seed Development Center” system with 10 repetitions.

The working process of “Poly Tex Seed Cluster” LLC, stripping is carried out chemically using modern TR 1000 delinter machines based on the resource-saving, innovative delinting technology created by Taren Muhandislik-Engineering Company of Turkey.

The obtained results are presented in table 2 and the graph in figure 4.

Table 2.

C-6524 in the seed preparation workshop of “Poly Tex Seed Cluster” LLC

Results of the experiment on the 1st generation selection variety (chemical stripping method)

Figure 4. Seed temperature during chemical stripping

Conclusion. During mechanical and chemical stripping of seed, its temperature increases to 35 - 48. An increase in temperature causes a change in the structure of the seed kernel, which contains a certain amount of oil, and has a negative effect on seed germination. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out scientific research and experiments on an improved delinter that reduces the heat of the seed during stripping.

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