AIR POLLUTION AND ITS SMART SOLUTIONS USING IOT

ABSTRACT

In this article, an IoT-based air pollution monitoring system using the MQ135 sensor and Arduino was developed and analyzed. The work highlighted the sensor’s accuracy in detecting pollutants such as particulate matter, CO₂, ammonia, and methane, underscoring its value for air quality monitoring. The Arduino microcontroller was employed to enable real-time data collection and transmission, ensuring seamless operation. Problems related to sensor calibration, environmental interference, and data accuracy were discussed. The final results demonstrated that the system is both efficient and reliable, and its ease of use renders it accessible to both beginners and experts, thereby enhancing its overall practicality and effectiveness.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В данной статье была разработана и проанализирована система мониторинга загрязнения воздуха на основе Интернета вещей с использованием датчика MQ135 и Arduino. Работа подчеркнула точность датчика в обнаружении загрязнителей, таких как твердые частицы, CO₂, аммиак и метан, что подчеркивает его значимость для контроля качества воздуха. Микроконтроллер Arduino был использован для обеспечения сбора и передачи данных в режиме реального времени, что гарантирует бесперебойную работу системы. Были рассмотрены проблемы, связанные с калибровкой датчика, влиянием окружающей среды и точностью данных. Итоговые результаты показали, что система является эффективной и надежной, а её простота в использовании делает её доступной как для новичков, так и для специалистов, что повышает её общую практичность и эффективность.

Keywords: Air Pollution, IoT-based monitoring, Arduino, real-time data collection, environmental sensing, air quality monitoring, wireless pollution detection, smart solutions, microcontroller-based system, gas sensors.

Ключевые слова: Загрязнение воздуха, мониторинг на основе IoT, Arduino, сбор данных в реальном времени, экологический контроль, мониторинг качества воздуха, беспроводное обнаружение загрязнений, умные решения, микроконтроллерная система, газовые датчики.

Introduction

Air pollution, a major global issue, causes severe health problems, especially in urban areas with high industrialization and traffic. Harmful gas emissions from industries and vehicles contribute to respiratory issues, heart disease, and other illnesses. Using IoT modules, microcontrollers, and sensors, pollutants like CO₂, temperature, and humidity can be detected and transmitted to a central server for analysis. [1]. The proposed system, featuring MQ6 and MQ135 sensors with an Arduino controller, provides accurate, reliable, and affordable pollution tracking. As IoT technology advances, its affordability and flexibility make it an essential tool for environmental monitoring and public health protection. Internet of Things (IoT): Refers to a network of physical devices embedded with sensors, software, and communication technology, allowing them to exchange data over the internet. IoT devices range from household appliances to industrial equipment. Experts estimated that by 2020, there would be 10 billion connected devices, with numbers expected to rise to 22 billion by 2025 [2]. Arduino: A popular open-source electronics platform used for IoT applications. The software utilized in Arduino projects is called Arduino IDE, and it is particularly useful for areas with poor internet connectivity [4]. Sensors: Devices that convert physical or environmental changes into digital or analog signals that can be processed by computers or microcontrollers. Various types of sensors are available, each designed to detect specific environmental factors [4].

Research Methodology

The methodology for this research involved designing and implementing an IoT-based air pollution monitoring system using the MQ135 sensor and an Arduino microcontroller. The study followed a structured approach, including hardware selection, software development, system calibration, and real-time data collection. Factors such as humidity and temperature were taken into consideration to improve measurement precision. The efficiency and reliability of the system were evaluated through real-world testing in different environments, including urban and industrial areas. Sensor accuracy was validated by comparing recorded pollutant levels with standard environmental monitoring equipment. By following this methodology, the study successfully developed a reliable IoT-based air pollution monitoring system that ensures real-time pollutant detection and efficient data management.

Results

The experimental results highlight the effectiveness of IoT technology in implementing an air pollution monitoring system, delivering accurate and real-time insights into air quality. The system successfully monitored particulate matter, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and other key pollutants by integrating a network of sensors, microcontrollers, and cloud-based platforms. The IoT architecture ensured reliable data collection, transmission, and storage, forming a strong foundation for comprehensive air quality analysis. A significant achievement of the project was the successful integration and calibration of sensors, ensuring precise pollutant concentration measurements. The system demonstrated high sensitivity to various pollutants, offering a detailed and holistic view of air quality conditions [6].

Discussion

A Wireless Monitoring, Managing, and Control System for Inter-Vehicle Ad-Hoc Networks uses three sensors to measure temperature, intensity, and humidity. The data collected by these sensors is displayed on an LCD screen, and values may vary depending on the location [5]. The system displays PPM  values on an LCD screen, representing the total concentration of gases in the air. The primary air pollutants include harmful gases [6]. The MQ135 gas sensor is capable of detecting these pollutants. The microcontroller must be properly connected to the air quality sensors using the appropriate analog or digital pins. Develop firmware capable of collecting sensor data and transmitting it to a cloud service of your choice. Programming languages commonly used for this include C++ for Arduino, Python for Raspberry Pi, and MicroPython for ESP8266/ESP32. Configure the microcontroller to establish an internet connection. Depending on the module being used, set up either Wi-Fi credentials or cellular connectivity. Implement a secure communication protocol to facilitate data transfer between the microcontroller and the cloud platform. One widely used protocol for IoT communication is MQTT [4]. The Arduino UNO is built around the ATmega328p microcontroller. The programming language used for Arduino is C++, and it is developed by Arduino.cc. It features both digital and analog output pins. The USB cable is used to connect the Arduino UNO to a computer via its USB Type-A female port. This connection facilitates communication between the hardware components and the computer [5].

Conclusion

In conclusion, the IoT-based project utilizing the MQ135 sensor and Arduino for air pollution detection has proven to be an effective and reliable method for monitoring air quality. The integration of these technologies has significantly contributed to the field of environmental sensing, showcasing several key advantages. Firstly, after careful calibration, the MQ135 sensor demonstrated high accuracy in detecting various pollutants, including particulate matter, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and methane. Its sensitivity and versatility make it a valuable component of a comprehensive air quality monitoring system. Additionally, the Arduino microcontroller facilitated real-time monitoring by enabling seamless data collection, processing, and transmission.

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