PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF LACQUER PAINT PRODUCTS WITH ALUMINIUM MAGNESIUM PRESERVATIVE PHTHALOCYANINE PIGMENT

ABSTRACT

This article discusses the synthesis of aluminum-magnesium phthalocyanine pigment and examines the physicochemical properties of its application in varnish products. The study involved the synthesis of the pigment using urea, phthalic anhydride, and metal salts as catalysts. The thermal stability, intensity, and color properties of the pigment were analyzed using differential thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These methods were employed to evaluate the pigment’s composition, structure, and heat endurance. The results indicate that the aluminum-magnesium phthalocyanine pigment exhibits high thermal stability, making it a promising component for varnish products. Further studies on the physicochemical properties of this pigment are recommended, and its potential for large-scale industrial applications will be explored in future research.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В этой статье обсуждается синтез пигмента фталоцианина алюминия-магния и изучаются физико-химические свойства его применения в лакокрасочной продукции. Исследование включало синтез пигмента с использованием мочевины, фталевого ангидрида и солей металлов в качестве катализаторов. Термическая стабильность, интенсивность и цветовые свойства пигмента были проанализированы с помощью дифференциального термогравиметрического анализа (ТГА), дифференциального термического анализа (ДТА) и сканирующей электронной микроскопии (СЭМ). Эти методы были использованы для оценки состава, структуры и термостойкости пигмента. Результаты показывают, что пигмент фталоцианина алюминия-магния проявляет высокую термическую стабильность, что делает его перспективным компонентом для лакокрасочной продукции. Рекомендуются дальнейшие исследования физико-химических свойств этого пигмента, и его потенциал для крупномасштабного промышленного применения будет изучен в будущих исследованиях.

Keywords: aluminium oxide, magnesium acetate, phthalic anhydride, Phthalocyanine differential thermogravimetric, scanning electron microscope analysis.

Ключевые слова: оксид алюминия, ацетат магния, фталевый ангидрид, фталоцианин, дифференциальный термогравиметрический анализ, анализ с помощью сканирующего электронного микроскопа.

Introduction. Aluminium phthalocyanine belongs to the family of synthetic macrocyclic compounds. This class of compounds has unique optical, electronic, and photochemical properties, making it widely applicable in fields ranging from medicine to materials science. Aluminium phthalocyanine is known for its light-absorbing efficiency, stability, and ability to interact with biological systems, making it an important structural component in various technological and biomedical innovations [1]. In cosmetic work, organic oils, liquids, and various substances applied to the surface of an object are often used. They adhere tightly to the surface of the object and form a thin film. Such substances and compositions are also called varnishes or paint materials, which are part of the group of decorative materials [2]. When decorating buildings and structures, protecting them from harmful environments, and covering them with solid materials, they provide the properties of products and structures in the initial period and increase their strength and construction efficiency. Water is used as a solvent for water-emulsion paints. Turpentine, solvent oil, white spirit, etc., are mainly used to dissolve varnishes [3 248 - 250 b]. Currently, at this time currently in the world, the organic pigments network is increasingly expanding phthalate to an anhydride-based organic pigment of its own from analogues with high colour intensity, good heat stability, and solvent durability, as well as wide wavelength light absorption, which differs from. Except for phthalic​ anhydride-based pigments, the properties of other organic compounds based on pigments studied today are the most important from research. One to be taken came. This is because of the new content and the features that were organic pigments work to release and their synthesis mechanisms improve in the world's big importance [5 130b].

Lacquer paint is widely used on various surfaces, including wood, for its aesthetic and protective properties. Specific applications for important attributes, one of their high temperatures, is endurance. This synthesis is the last achievement, and to look at the formulas, attention is paid to the look of paint heat resistance according to research [6]. Phthalocyanine pigments, especially nickel and copper, own inside received pigments, various levels of heat stability demonstration. Nickel​​ phthalocyanine diphosphate up to 500°C high heat resistance shows copper phthalocyanine pigments and from 700°C high at temperatures. This​​ pigment is structural to the stability of their shape and the impact of the laid-down substrate to do possible. From this, except for the GAS process, such as advanced methods used without nano-sized pigments preparation, their thermal features further increase. Gel chromatography molecules to size, looking at separation possible, but it is a nuclear it is a nuclear conformation distinction. Solvents with wash solubility from very insoluble mixtures replaced Pс, taking the possible throw, but this process is as shown in figure 1; other insoluble mixtures leave [7].

Figure 1. Insoluble Residues of Phthalate in the Content

Research Methodology.

Materials and Synthesis method: The synthesis of aluminium-magnesium phthalocyanine pigment was carried out using urea, phthalic anhydride, and metal salts as catalysts. The optimal mass ratio for the synthesis process was selected to enhance product quality.

Physicochemical analysis methods:

1. Thermogravimetric analysis: Pigment heat stability assessment was held.

2.  Differential thermal analysis: Organic components decomposition temperature determination for use.

3.  With a scanning electron microscope: Pigment particle's shape, size, and elementary Composition determination were applied.

Results and discussion.

Figure 2 presents the (TGA) and (DTA) curves for the lacquer products containing aluminium-magnesium preservative phthalocyanine pigment.

Figure 2. Thermal analysis of lacquer products with aluminium-magnesium preservative phthalocyanine

Thermogravimetric analysis curve;

Differential thermal analysis curve.

TGA Analysis:

First stage:

• Temperature range: 19.13°C–225.10°C
• Weight Loss: -0.127 mg (-6.082%)
• This stage in varnish volatile components, solvents, and moisture evaporation is possible.

Second stage:

• Temperature range: 225.10°C–561.93°C
• Weight Loss: -0.853 mg (-40.852%)
• In this stage, organic pigments and binder substances decompose.

Third stage:

• Temperature range: 561.93°C–801.72°C
• Weight Loss: -0.369 mg (-17.672%)
• This stage residue carbonisation process is faced to give possible.

DTA Analysis:

Exothermic event:

• Temperature Peak: 387.65°C
• Heat Loss: -1.68 J (-806.07 J/g)
• This peak indicates the decay of the pigment and binders.

Thermal stabilisation:

• B. Food Temperature: 334.65°C
• Final Temperature: 393.54°C
• This area’s main decomposition process will happen.
• Lacquer in the content of aluminium-magnesium phthalocyanine pigment approximately from 225°C starting break down, but his/her main heat degradation between 334–393°C happens.
• Organic structural parts up to 561°C disappear, in which case the main weight loss (40.85%) in the second stage will happen.
• High-temperature (up to 801°C) residue carbonisation is observed; this and pigment residue stability show possible.

This analysis of the results according to aluminium-magnesium phthalocyanine pigment thermal stability is considered, but from 334°C, then noticeable at the level breaks down, this and his/her high temperature in environments use opportunities limit possible. A detailed analysis of the thermogravimetric analysis curve and the differential thermal analysis curve is presented in Table 1 below.

Table 1.

Effect of temperature on weight loss of a lacquer sample containing aluminium-magnesium preservative phthalocyanine

Aluminium Lacquer—paint with added magnesium preservative phthalocyanine (Al-Mg Pc) pigment sample. The activation energy values for this process are shown in Table 2.

Table 2.

 Results of thermal-oxidation analysis of a varnish sample containing aluminium magnesium preservative phthalocyanine.

So, from 292.13 to 1074.72 K was the temperature between processes kinetics according to the experimental information taken based on the aluminium-magnesium keeper phthalocyanine (Al-MgPc) pigment added to the varnish of the sample thermal oxidation degradation features studied.

Figure 3. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of aluminium-magnesium-doped phthalocyanine pigment

Microscope analysis was performed using an INCA energy detector with a resolution of 1 nm for the analysis of beryllium-based phthalocyanines. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was performed under high vacuum. The same setup was used to perform a microanalysis of the outer pigment coating while studying the accelerating field at 20 keV and 1 nA current. The results show that no traces of the reacted product are visible in the 200x, 700x, and 1000x magnification images of the aluminium-magnesium phthalocyanine pigment sample. This allows us to establish the completion of the reaction and, at the same time, obtain information about the elemental composition of the substance undergoing the reaction. Studies show that the particle size of the aluminium-magnesium phthalocyanine pigment ranges from 28.71 to ~ 35.72 nm. In this case, cluster analysis was performed for each surface element. Analysis: C-K (Carbon): This is the main structural element of aluminium phthalocyanine, which is the basic building block of organic molecules. N-K (Nitrogen): Nitrogen participates in the basic structures of fluorine as a bonding and main functional group. O-K (Oxygen): This is not often, but this oxygen is formed as a result of oxidation of molecules or other compounds. Al-K (Aluminium): This is the central part of aluminium-magnesium phthalocyanine. Mg-K (Magnesium); magnesium is bound to the central part. K-S- (Sulphur) can be an additional or functional group. The data obtained confirm all the expected compositions of aluminium-magnesium phthalocyanine, which is indicated by the presence of homogeneously distributed elements, i.e., micro clades or phases can be present.

Table 3.

Elemental analysis of aluminum-magnesium phthalocyanine pigment

Based on the presented elemental analyses, the analysis of the elements in the pigment composition was presented in tabular form relative to 100 mass parts.

Conclusion.

This study investigated the synthesis of aluminium-magnesium phthalocyanine pigments and analyzed their physicochemical properties in lacquer products. The results demonstrated high thermal stability, making these pigments suitable for industrial applications. According to thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis, the pigment begins to decompose at 225°C, with the main heat degradation occurring in the range of 334–393°C. This high thermal stability suggests potential for use in high-temperature environments, though further research is needed to explore its limitations. Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed the presence of nanoscale pigment particles with a uniform distribution of elements, supporting the successful synthesis of the pigment. These pigments have proven to be important raw materials with significant potential for various applications.

Further studies are recommended to evaluate their ecological safety, chemical endurance, and compatibility with different binders. Additionally, research on scaling up their production and exploring broader industrial applications remains an important direction for future work. This research lays the foundation for the development of heat-resistant and stable pigments for use in the varnish industry.

References:

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