RESEARCH OF FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF HETEROCOMPOSITE POLYMER MATERIALS OF NEW COMPOSITION FOR APPLICATION IN ENGINEERING

ABSTRACT

This study explores the development of heterocomposite polymer materials (HCPMs) incorporating industrial kaolin, graphite, and silk waste for enhanced mechanical engineering applications. The methodology included material optimization through Lagrange interpolation, analyzing adhesion strength, impact resistance, and microhardness. Results demonstrated that the optimal HCPM composition achieved superior tribotechnical and mechanical properties, including increased adhesion (33.2 MPa) and impact strength (32.2 kJ/m²). Infrared spectroscopy confirmed effective bonding within the polymer matrix. The findings highlight HCPMs' potential to improve reliability in engineering applications, offering an innovative, resource-efficient alternative to traditional materials. Future work should explore scaling and broader industrial applications.

АННОТАЦИЯ

 В данном исследовании исследуется разработка гетерокомпозиционных полимерных материалов (ГКПМ) с использованием промышленных отходов каолина, графита и шелка для применения в машиностроении. Методика включала оптимизацию материалов с помощью интерполяции Лагранжа, анализ прочности адгезии, сопротивления удару и микротвердости. Результаты показали, что оптимальный состав ХЦПМ обладает превосходными триботехническими и механическими свойствами, в том числе повышенной адгезией (33,2 МПа) и прочностью на удар (32,2 кДж/м2). Инфракрасная спектроскопия подтвердила эффективность связи внутри полимерной матрицы. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о потенциале ГХПМ в повышении надежности в инженерных приложениях, предлагая инновационную, ресурсосберегающую альтернативу традиционным материалам. В дальнейшей работе следует исследовать масштабы и более широкие промышленные применения.

Keywords: composite polymer materials (CPM), fillers, dispersion, microhardness, impact strength, operational properties, mechanical properties.

Ключевые слова: композиционные полимерные материалы (КПМ), наполнители, дисперсность, микротвердость, ударная вязкость, эксплуатационные свойства, механические свойства.

Introduction

In the world, it is of great importance to improve modern mechanical engineering, create competitive and import-substituting world-class technologies, new advanced devices and equipment for various industries, conduct deep fundamental research, and solve current scientific and technical problems. Also, the purposeful use of high-performance composite polymer materials to ensure the reliability of cotton processing machines is one of the urgent scientific and technical problems that need to be solved to reduce the negative impact of technological equipment on cotton surfaces through the use of new materials. In this regard, the research centres in developed countries, including United States, Germany, Japan, Russia, China, Turkey and other countries, paying special attention to the promotion of resource-saving in the manufacture of products from polymer composites.

Tables 1 and 2 below show that for the proposed epoxy resin (epociddian ED-20) coating based on the technological binder, the use of antifriction and wear proof heterocomposite and local raw materials kaolin, electrically conductive graphite with low abrasive structure, reinforcing silk processing waste, from their analogues with superior physico-mechanical and tribotechnical properties.

Materials and methods

Based on the analysis of the above results, new heterocomposite polymer material (HCPM) components were developed (Table 1)

Table 1.

 Composition and mechanical properties of heterocomposite materials for anti-friction wear-resistant coatings

Table 2.

Surface and tribotechnical properties of anti-friction wear-resistant epoxy coatings 

Results

The adhesion strength of the h₃ layer of the heterocomposite polymer coating was flawless and no coating migration was observed. Tribotechnical properties (according to UzDSt 2822-2014) f₁/ f₂, I₁/I₂ and δ₀₁/δ₀₂, respectively 1,35; 5,6 and 0,36, respectively. The obtained results confirm the importance of the technological equipment we have chosen [1-2].

Optimization by type and quantity of material components providing the required operational properties is based on mathematical planning and is based on the reliability of scientific research results using the following Lagrange interpolation formulas.

Optimization of the newly created components and their physical-mechanical and operational properties was carried out using the Lagrange interpolation formula (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Quantitative graph of the main components and masses of HCPM

1-Angren’s kaolin; 2- Silk processing waste; 3 Microhardness (MPa); 4 Adhesion strength (MPa); 5 Impact strength; 6-PEPA; 7-DBPh; 8-ED-20 [3].

We determine and evaluate the results using the Lagrangian interpolation formula on the defined points:

                                              (1)

we introduce a m-level polynomial:

                                   (2)

This polynomial has a value 1 if  and if ,  it has a value 0. Using the above properties of the Lagrange polynomial, we write the polynomial in the following form:

.                                                        (3)

This equation is called Lagrange's interpolation formula if it satisfies all the requirements of the first condition. It is known that a polynomial  can be written in its simplest form by entering the following notation:

.                                            (4)

The nodes of this polynomial interpolation are converted to 0 at the points .

,  ,                    (5)

          (6)

Depending on the number of given points of the argument, that is , the Lagrange interpolation formula given above can be written as follows:

1. Angren Kaolin

           (8)

                                            (9)

2. Silk processing waste

3. Microhardness H, MPa

          (11)

Figure 2. Spatial graph of the main components of HCPM and their optimization [3]

                                                                   (10)

4. Adhesion strength МPа

(12)

5. Impact strength

(13)

Conclusion

During analyzing the IR spectra of the newly proposed HCPM structure (Fig. 3), it can be observed that the branching reaction in the structure progresses rapidly, while the remaining substances are accelerators and fillers of the reaction processes. Therefore, partial reaction may occur in composites formed with fillers, but the addition of silk processing waste, consisting of waste polymer composites, we suggest, increases the physical and mechanical properties of silk processing waste from other similar composites. specific groups and the bonds that form other additives were studied.

The IR spectrum shows that the absorption line of the epoxy oligomer forming the basis of the obtained composites is asymmetric in the valence region of the bonds –CH– epoxy groups 2920-3050 cm^-1 and also asymmetric in the structure 1234, cm^-1 –C–H and 1176, 1115, 1077 cm^-1 –C–H generates symmetric valence oscillations. 2868 cm^-1 IR- spectroscopy has lines from vibrations in the fields to the end bonds of –CN₂– epoxy groups as well as to the 752 cm^-1 –CH₂– aliphatic bonds. The absorption lines in the 1340cm^-1 fields belong to the groups holding carbon and hydrogen. It can be seen from the IR spectra that there are absorption lines in the 3000-3500 cm^-1 and 3346-3214 cm^-1 areas, which are characteristic of the NH₂ group. For the primary amines C-N, 1251, 1200, 1178, 1160, 1135 and 1066 cm^-1 symmetrical valence bonds can be seen to be suitable.

Figure 3. IR spectrum analysis of the proposed composition HCPM

The absorption lines in the 970, 912 cm^-1 areas belonging to the epoxy ring (СH₂CHO-) can be seen to be characteristic of the asymmetric valence oscillation of the ring.

The aromatic rings in the epoxy resin show absorption lines in the 1607, 1506, 1452, 825 cm^-1 areas.

Absorption lines in the 450-550 cm^-1 regions of the IR spectra can be seen in the -C-C- groups, and in the 500-1000 cm^-1 regions, the bonds between the metals partially formed by kaolin and wollastonite can be seen (Fig. 3). The main difference is that with the increase in the proportions of fillers added to them, the absorption lines are mainly in the 450-550cm^-1 areas of the IR spectrum and in the 500-1000 cm^-1 areas and in the 3000-3500 cm^-1 areas due to hydroxides. [4-8].

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