DETERMINATION OF SHAFT BEARING WEAR

ABSTRACT

Shaft bearings are essential components in various industrial applications, particularly in rotational machines. Their performance and longevity are directly impacted by wear caused by friction, which significantly affects the operational efficiency of the machines they support. This article explores methods for determining shaft bearing wear, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and predicting wear rates to ensure the reliability and service life of mechanical systems.

АННОТАЦИЯ

Подшипники являются важными компонентами в различных промышленных приложениях, особенно в вращающихся машинах. Их производительность и долговечность напрямую зависят от износа, вызванного трением, что значительно влияет на эксплуатационную эффективность машин, которые они поддерживают. В данной статье рассматриваются методы определения износа подшипников валов, подчеркивается важность мониторинга и прогнозирования темпов износа для обеспечения надежности и срока службы механических систем.

Keywords: shaft, support, device, wear, service life of friction, rotational motion, transmission, gearbox, electric motor.

Ключевые слова: вал, опора, устройство, износ, ресурс работы трения, вращательное движение, передача, редуктор, электродвигатель.

Introduction: The improvement of working parts and transmission mechanisms in all technological machines in production, especially reducing friction in the shaft bearings of rotational machines, is crucial to increasing their service life and ensuring their uninterrupted operation. "Considering that 25-30% of the total energy is used to overcome friction and that 70-80% of machine failures are due to friction-induced wear," the need arises to improve shaft bearings to reduce friction and save resources and energy. In developed countries, special attention is given to the use of antifriction materials, improving lubrication systems, and designing structures with small friction surfaces for preparing interacting components of machines and mechanisms. Based on these points, significant research is currently underway in the food industry, particularly in oil production plants, where efforts are focused on reducing friction in the shaft supports of vertical shaft machines used in technological equipment.

For this purpose, a device has been developed to study the working organ support structure of vertical shaft machines (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Device for studying the support structure of a vertical shaft machine

1. Frame, 2. Electric motor, 3. Gearbox, 4. Conical gear drive, 5. Shaft, 6. Mixers, 7. Autoclave tank, 8. Investigated working organ.

Problem: In the production of vegetable oil, technical oils produced during the process are recycled into salomas products. In the production of salomas oils, hydrogenation autoclaves are used. Currently, one of the major issues in plants is the high level of wear in the shaft bearings of the working organs of these autoclaves due to friction at the vertical shaft supports. The wear rate and low service life of the working organ are one of the specific problems in equipment.

Research and Findings:

Theoretical and experimental research has shown that improving the shaft bearing at the bottom of the autoclave can reduce the wear process. The wear rate of the shaft bearings currently in use, the roughness characteristics of their surfaces, and the process of restoring worn shafts have been studied.

Methods Used:

Several methods exist for determining wear, including the simple and widely used gravimetric method and micrometric measurement techniques. In these studies, the initial weights of the two interacting elements of the shaft bearing working organs were determined. The weights of the working organs were measured before and after operation, and comparative tests were conducted.

Figure 2. Process of determining the parameters of the existing and improved working organs

For practical research, a laboratory scale with an accuracy of 0.001g, the KERN PBS 620-3M model, was used. The wear rate was determined through gravimetric and micrometric methods in the laboratories of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the Namangan Engineering and Construction Institute.

The tested designs differed in the number of rhombic grooves, the physical and mechanical properties of the friction elements at the bottom of the sleeve, and the geometric dimensions of the grooves. Based on the experimental results, the wear rate over a unit of time was calculated using the following formula:

Where:

• ​  is the initial mass of the bearing or shaft,
•  is the mass after a specific operational period,
• t- is the time duration.

Conclusion:

Based on the theoretical and practical research, it is concluded that by improving the construction parameters of the shaft bearing support, the service life can be extended by 20-25%.

References:

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