THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES OF PREPARATION OF BIODEGRADABLE CORROSION AND MINERAL SALT ACCUMULATION INHIBITORS BASED ON LOCAL RAW MATERIALS

ABSTRACT

The development of biodegradable corrosion inhibitors and mineral salt accumulation inhibitors is an important area of research aimed at improving the sustainability and environmental friendliness of industrial processes, particularly in areas such as water treatment, oil and gas production, and industrial equipment maintenance. This research focuses on leveraging local raw materials—such as plant extracts, bio-based compounds, and naturally occurring minerals— to create efficient, eco-friendly alternatives to traditional synthetic inhibitors.

This topic explores the development of biodegradable corrosion inhibitors and mineral salt accumulation inhibitors derived from local raw materials. The theoretical principles behind this involve understanding the chemical mechanisms of corrosion and mineral scaling, and how bio-based compounds can prevent these processes in a sustainable way. Natural materials, such as plant extracts, chitosan, and seaweed, contain active compounds that can form protective films on metal surfaces or interfere with salt crystal growth, reducing corrosion and scaling. These inhibitors are eco-friendly, non-toxic, and biodegradable, offering an alternative to harmful synthetic chemicals. The use of locally sourced raw materials reduces environmental impact and supports sustainable industrial practices.

АННОТАЦИЯ

 Разработка биоразлагаемых ингибиторов коррозии и ингибиторов накопления минеральных солей является важной областью исследований, направленных на повышение устойчивости и экологичности промышленных процессов, особенно в таких областях, как очистка воды, добыча нефти и газа и техническое обслуживание промышленного оборудования. Это исследование сосредоточено на использовании местного сырья, такого как растительные экстракты, биооснованные соединения и природные минералы, для создания эффективных, экологически чистых альтернатив традиционным синтетическим ингибиторам.

В этой теме рассматривается разработка биоразлагаемых ингибиторов коррозии и ингибиторов накопления минеральных солей, полученных из местного сырья. Теоретические принципы, лежащие в основе этого, включают понимание химических механизмов коррозии и образования минеральных отложений, а также того, как биооснованные соединения могут предотвращать эти процессы устойчивым образом. Природные материалы, такие как растительные экстракты, хитозан и морские водоросли, содержат активные соединения, которые могут образовывать защитные пленки на металлических поверхностях или препятствовать росту кристаллов соли, уменьшая коррозию и образование отложений. Эти ингибиторы являются экологически чистыми, нетоксичными и биоразлагаемыми, предлагая альтернативу вредным синтетическим химикатам. Использование местного сырья снижает воздействие на окружающую среду и способствует устойчивым промышленным практикам.

Keywords: bioparchalanuvchi inhibitors, corrosion, mineral salts accumulation, local resources, environmental security, rural resources, waste, Uzbekistan, industry inhibitors, economic efficiency.

Ключевые слова: биопарчаланувчи ингибиторы, коррозия, накопление минеральных солей, местные ресурсы, экологическая безопасность, сельские ресурсы, отходы, Узбекистан, промышленные ингибиторы, экономическая эффективность.

Introduction. Today's day in corrosion and mineral salts accumulation of the industry in the fields of the most important challenges one is. Corrosion - metals and their alloys chemical or electrochemical to be impressed by the results of the decay is, this process different device and system performance period, notably in the level of the decrease taking comes in. That is in addition to, mineral salts accumulation also industrial equipment various failures causing out of and their efficiency reduces. Corrosion and powders to collect against the fight to various inhibitors use, however, many chemical inhibitors around-the environment for dangerous.

Scientists and industry experts among bioparchalanuvchi inhibitors to the creation of the interest has increased , it has, because they are not only from corrosion protect to, but also around-the environment protection to also help you will. Bioparchalanuvchi inhibitors of organic sources of the substances are, they have different chemical processes as a result of natural without pieces is going to. Such inhibitors on the metal surface from corrosion protect to and of salt as the gathering reduce with , along, around-to the environment with minimal impact shows.

In uzbekistan, local resources, particularly, rural resources, waste and the plants on the basis of bioparchalanuvchi inhibitors to take the possibility is there. The country of natural and biological resources are very rich in is, these resources are effective for the use in industrial and environmental problems solve to help will. Local resources inhibitors in the creation of the internal market demand to meet, waste of effective use, and various industrial sectors of environmentally safe inhibitors for to apply for the opportunity it gives.

This research results the main purpose of uzbekistan on the territory of local raw materials bioparchalanuvchi inhibitors taking process to learn, their corrosion and mineral salts to the accumulation of against the effectiveness evaluate and environmental aspects of security providing new inhibitors use ride is.

Uzbekistan Republic President 2022-year 28-in January, UP-60-the number of “2022-2026-year designed the new uzbekistan's development strategy on”the Decree, 2020-year 12-August PP-4805-number “Chemistry and biology of a spectrum of continuous education quality and science-science natijadorligini to increase measures-events on”on and 2017-year 29-August PP-3264-number “Chemical industry of the organization of export-import activity in the improvement of the measures of-events on”the decisions and the activities relevant to other normative-legal documents - defined tasks – this research for the legal basis to be serve will.

Methods. The world of metals to corrosion against in the fight in the structure of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur that keep geteroatomli, sure the group keeps aromatic and alifatik of compounds on the basis saamarali corrosion inhibitors to take directed scientific-research work out being go. In this regard, foreign variety aggressive from the environment from corrosion protective effectiveness yuqori have antikorrozion coating work out, local mineral raw materials and the industry of secondary structurek and inorganic products on the basis of two and him more than from components formed composed of, environmentally safe, around the environment less damage and deliver antikorrozion the coating to the particular attention paid. This process effective methods seek to find important.

“Local raw materials on the basis bioparchalanuvchi corrosion and mineral salts accumulation of ingibatorlarini get” the research identified effective results achieve to a few important methods were applied.

In particular, metal surface corrosion of determine and the obtained composites antikorrozion coating of the samples with the structure and texture of tadqiqi in infrared spectroscopy (IQ-spectroscopy), skanerlovchi electronic mikroskopiya (SEM), atomic force mikroskopiya (ILC), X-x-ray phase (X-ray), tirnalishga resistance evaluate to HUATECh scratch testerida the test, gravimetrik and electrochemical analysis , such as modern physical-chemical methods were used.

This method of research results the main stages organized are, of them every one is different in the processes of inhibitors characteristics and the effectiveness assess an opportunity to gives. For example:

1. Raw materials selection and preparation - the results of research the first step in uzbekistan available , which is rural resources, waste and natural plant materials selected from consisting of was. Do this to cotton first, seed formation, fruit plants extract and a variety of plants with biological components selected were. The selected material in the structure polifenollar, organic acids and natural antioxidants available in the fall reason they inhibitors as effective be can.

2. Raw materials and refined processing - raw materials and re - work the process inhibitors of taking the main stages of one is. This stage each, fermentation and gidroliz of the process applied. These processes are each one below are listed:

Extraction: the extraction process of inhibitors active components separation for water, ethanol or methanol , such as environmentally safe each applied. Extraction process each and raw material between the binding reaction of way by organic components separated were, then while in filtrasiya through a high concentration of extract yield was.

Fermentation: Solvent extracts were fermented to increase their bioactivity and effectiveness. In this process, with the help of microorganisms, organic components are decomposed and inhibitors become active. The fermentation process is carried out under certain time and temperature conditions, and the efficiency indicators of the obtained substances are measured.

Hydrolysis: In this process, polyphenols and organic acids in raw materials are broken down and bioactive components of inhibitors are separated. This process is carried out with the help of acids or enzymes, which help to increase the activity of the inhibitor.

3. Laboratory tests - One of the most important stages of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of the obtained inhibitors against corrosion and salt accumulation in different environments. Laboratory tests were conducted using the following methods:

Corrosion Resistance Evaluation: Tests in 3.5% sodium chloride solution showed how effectively the inhibitors can protect the metal surface. By comparing metal samples treated with an inhibitor and not treated, their corrosion rate was determined. The anti-corrosion efficiency of the inhibitors was evaluated by the adsorption capacity of the inhibitor layer on the metal surface.

Effect against the accumulation of mineral salts: By placing metal samples in a water environment enriched with calcium and magnesium ions, the effectiveness of inhibitors against the accumulation of mineral salts was studied. As a result of the test, the ability of inhibitors to react with salts and their effect on preventing the accumulation of salts was evaluated.

Biodegradation characteristics: In order to evaluate the environmental safety of the inhibitors, their degradation process in natural conditions was investigated. These tests showed how quickly the inhibitors are broken down by microorganisms in 28 days and allowed to determine their biodegradability. This process demonstrates the environmental safety of inhibitors by evaluating their biodegradability.

4. Analysis of action mechanisms - In order to understand the interaction of the obtained inhibitors with the metal surface and their chemical reaction mechanisms, the adsorption process of inhibitor molecules was studied. This process helped to understand how the inhibitor molecules form a chemical layer on the surface of the metal and create a barrier against corrosion.

5. Data analysis - The obtained data were analyzed using the SPSS program. Average values, standard deviations and efficiency indicators of the results were determined. As a result of the statistical analysis, it was possible to draw clear conclusions about the effectiveness of inhibitors and compare their effects in different environments.

These methods are important in evaluating the effectiveness of inhibitors against corrosion and salt accumulation, their biodegradability and their environmental safety, and confirm the scientific basis of inhibitors obtained from local raw materials.

Results (Results). During the study, the effect of biodegradable inhibitors obtained from local raw materials against corrosion and accumulation of mineral salts was studied. The results of laboratory tests showed high efficiency of inhibitors and confirmed that they are harmless to the environment. Below are the main results:

1. Anti-corrosion effect

- Tests on metal samples: In tests under 3.5% salt solution conditions, inhibitors reduced the corrosion process on the metal surface by 65-80%. This result showed that the inhibitors are adsorbed on the surface and prevent corrosion.

- Speed ​​of action: Inhibitors showed their effect for 24 hours and completely protected the metal surface. This confirms their effectiveness in providing long-term protection of industrial equipment and devices.

2. Effectiveness against accumulation of mineral salts

- Effect against the accumulation of salts: Inhibitors reduced the accumulation of mineral salts under the influence of calcium and magnesium ions by up to 70%. This helped prevent the accumulation of salts on the metal surface and made it possible to increase the efficiency of the equipment.

- Degradation of salts: Inhibitors extend the life of equipment by preventing the aggregation of mineral salts on the metal surface.

3. Characteristics of biodegradation

- Biodegradation tests: Biodegradability of inhibitors was tested under laboratory conditions for 28 days. The results showed that 85-90% of the inhibitors were naturally degraded by microorganisms. This confirms that they are safe for the environment and cause minimal waste.

- Ecological safety: the components contained in the inhibitors do not turn into dangerous substances in natural conditions and are decomposed in the process of biodegradation, which makes them superior in terms of environmental safety.

4. Economic efficiency

- Cheapness of local raw materials: inhibitors obtained from agricultural waste and natural resources of Uzbekistan were found to be cheaper compared to imported chemical inhibitors. This makes it possible to ensure economic savings in industrial sectors.

- Possibilities of redirecting to the domestic market: According to the results of the study, the production of local inhibitors creates an opportunity to meet the demand in the domestic market and to use waste efficiently.

Production of anticorrosive coating by interaction of croton aldehyde and thiourea (KAESV-1). In this research work, a new hybrid anti-corrosion coating was developed, in which vermiculite-based organic coating was successfully used as a filler on various metal substrates.

Hybrid coating as follows was prepared: it first place, krotonaldegid (atsetaldegid sintezida the secondary raw materials) ammonia with treated was, that so'ng the coating get to ED-20 epoksid of resin used, epoksid resin ammonia with the work krotonaldegid with mixed and acid with treatment given vermiculite methodology'mucous.

The reaction scheme of the product obtained using thiourea to provide croton aldehyde and its IR spectra are given below.

Figure 1. IR spectrum of croton aldehyde yield product

This product aminlash taken IQ-spectrum of the C=s group 1074 valent vibration, and 945 1028 cm^-1 intensive strips in the area, the presence of the group in the lines of the initial substance amid accordingly 1597 cm^-1 appears at the line 3358, 1456, 1359 and 675 cm^-1 confirms the proposed appear to be at with the above form.

To get this coating yesj250 ml mi stakanga the 2:1 mole ratio in epoksismola aminlangan an aldehyde and is quickly joined and initially kroton 300/min at a speed of half an hour was mixed. Taken in aralashmadan take a certain amount of the total weight and 10, 15, 20, 25, and 35 % nisbtlarida processed vermiculite was added. Aralshma taken quickly 600/min and a speed of 90 °c for 90 minutes at a temperature of the whole mass was mixed with the same volume vemikulit until is formed.

A 150 µm coating rod was used to coat the steel plates and the coating was kept at room temperature for 15 hours and dried at 100°C for 2 hours. All samples were tested for 7 days in aggressive environments at room temperature to check mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.

Production of an anti-corrosion coating based on croton aldehyde and polyethylene polyamine (KAPAESV-1). To obtain our second type of coating, polyethylene polyamine compound was first aldehyded using croton aldehyde. A chemical compound with the following formula was synthesized in the presence of polyethylene polyamine and croton aldehyde in the presence of dimethylformamide solvent.

It was obtained by mixing the starting materials in a ratio of 1:1 at a temperature of 50 °C for 2 hours. The process was then cooled to room temperature and left for 24 hours.

Table 1.

20 steel's corrosion rate, g/m²•hour 1 HCl + 200 mg/l NaCl samples without coating and without coating the steel corrosion rate in the environment and level of protection

The level of protection from corrosion coating method using hybrid composites gravimetrik has conducted studies to determine the effectiveness of a coating on. All GOST practical experience 9.506-87 at different temperatures were done in accordance with.

GOST method Gravimetrik 9.506-87 and in accordance with xarorat 30– 70^oC, in the range of movement in the working system, the solution speed of 1.1 m/s at detected.1-tablesas we can see from, the results of electrochemical studies of the obtained results with the results obtained using the method gravimetrik one almost was a repeat. Also come out, this hybrid antikorrozion coating yuqoir effective eaten that quotes.

The table above provides mainly two types of corrosion 1 HCl + 200 mg/l nacl and hcl 0,5+200 mg/l NaCl environment, the corrosion rate and the level of protection the hybrid coating, the results of the study quotes. According to the obtained results, the effectiveness of the corrosion protection coating in the environment both gibrd 25% higher than other foizdagi added vermiculite coating 94,75 li (I 1 HCl + 200 mg/l NaCl)and 92,63 % (hcl 0,5+200 mg/l NaCl) is determined.

In addition, the morphology of the steel surface was studied using an atomic force microscope. The scanning scale of the ACM is at the nano-micro level, and it is a high-precision state-of-the-art device for studying the effects of anti-corrosion coatings and the formation and prevention of corrosion at the metal/alloy interface.

Discussion. The results of the study confirmed that the inhibitors obtained from local raw materials have high efficiency and their biodegradability. Obtaining inhibitors from local resources is not only cost-effective, but also important for environmental protection. International studies also show that the use of inhibitors obtained from local raw materials can be effective in creating technologies that meet environmental safety requirements in the future.

The research results showed that biodegradation inhibitors obtained from local raw materials, including agricultural waste and plant extracts, have high efficiency. These inhibitors can serve as an alternative to traditional chemical inhibitors in various industries. They are effective in reducing the oxidation of metals and preventing the accumulation of salts, while having a minimal impact on the environment.

Anti-corrosion effect

The obtained results show that the inhibitors obtained from local raw materials provide effective protection against corrosion. Tests on metal samples show that inhibitors are adsorbed on the metal surface and protect it from oxidation. Inhibitors form barriers on the surface of metal, which protects them from aggressive environment. This process is associated with polyphenols, organic acids and antioxidant properties of various natural components, which help create a thin protective layer on the metal surface.

Effect against accumulation of mineral salts

The results obtained against mineral salt accumulation indicate that the inhibitors are effective in reducing salt accumulation. As a result of special laboratory tests, it was found that inhibitors react with salts such as calcium and magnesium ions and prevent their accumulation on the metal surface. It is important to ensure long-term protection in production processes in various industrial equipment and devices.

Ecology and biodegradability

Biodegradability of inhibitors makes them harmless to the environment and meets today's environmental requirements. Due to the rapid decomposition of the obtained inhibitors under the influence of microorganisms in natural conditions, they do not accumulate in the environment and do not cause damage to crops or soil pollution. This allows them to be used as environmentally safe inhibitors in industry and agriculture in the future.

Economic efficiency

Production of inhibitors from local resources reduces the need for imported inhibitors in the domestic market. It helps not only to develop domestic production, but also to create environmentally safe products that are economical. Obtaining inhibitors from agricultural waste and natural plants contributes to reducing industrial waste and rational use of resources.

Limitations and future research

Although this research has shown the possibilities of obtaining inhibitors from local raw materials, it also has certain limitations. More research is needed to fully evaluate the effectiveness of inhibitors in various industrial environments. In addition, additional research is needed to improve the rate of biodegradation of inhibitors, to increase their chemical and thermal stability.

The results of the study confirm that biodegradable inhibitors obtained from local raw materials not only effectively protect against corrosion and salt accumulation, but also have an important role in environmental protection. In the future, expanding the production of these inhibitors and using them in various industries will help ensure environmental safety and economic efficiency.

Obtaining biodegradable corrosion and mineral salt accumulation inhibitors from local raw materials is of great importance for ecology and industry. The main purpose of this process is that the inhibitors help to slow down the oxidation of metals or other materials and the accumulation of salts without harming the environment.

The process of extracting inhibitors from local raw materials may include the following steps:

1. Selection of raw materials: Selection from local plants or bio-organic materials. For example, plants, agricultural products, and organic waste available in Uzbekistan can be used.

2. Processing of raw materials: separation of useful components from them. Extraction, fermentation or hydrolysis methods can be used in this process.

3. Testing of biodegradable components: It is necessary to check how the obtained substances work as corrosion inhibitors. It can be tested in various laboratory and industrial conditions.

4. Additional modifications: If necessary, additional modifications can be made to increase the effect of the obtained inhibitors.

5. Industrial tests and certification: Before putting into production, the product must pass industrial tests and check its compliance with ecological requirements.

As a result of these processes, it is possible to create effective and environmentally safe inhibitors using local resources.

Summary

Research results have shown that biodegradation inhibitors derived from local raw materials, including agricultural waste and plant extracts, are effective solutions against corrosion and mineral salt build-up in industrial areas. They protect metal surfaces from rusting and salt accumulation, helping to extend the life of equipment. In addition, due to its biodegradability, inhibitors completely decompose in natural conditions without harming the environment.

The production of inhibitors from local resources is important in meeting the demand in the domestic market, processing waste and ensuring economic efficiency. At the same time, the environmental safety of inhibitors encourages their use in various industries. In the future, expanding the production of these inhibitors and using them in various industrial sectors can have a great effect on ecology and economy.

The results of the research showed the possibilities of local biodegradable inhibitors and confirmed that effective solutions to environmental and economic problems in various fields can be found through their wider use.

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