DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION COMPETENCIES OF STUDENTS ON THE BASIS OF INTEGRATIVE APPROACH

ABSTRACT

The article analyzes the current important issues of students' competences in the field of computer-aided design - principles of engineering design, composition and structure of computer-aided design; components of CAD support types, as well as elements of computer-aided design, which directly affect the development of design competences of future engineers. The rapid growth in the computing power of computers and the widespread availability of design and manufacturing software have resulted in engineers being able to utilize computer-aided design systems to solve everyday educational, scientific, and manufacturing problems, which is the reason for the development of design competencies.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В статье проанализированны современные важные вопросы компетенций студентов в области автоматизированного проектирования – принципы инженерного проектирования, состав и структура автоматизированного проектирования; компоненты видов обеспечения САПР, а также элементы автоматизированного проектирования, которые непосредственно влияют на развитие проектно-конструкторских компетенций будущих инженеров. Бурный рост вычислительной мощности компьютеров и широкое распространение программного обеспечения проектирования и производства привели к тому, что инженеры могут использовать системы автоматизированного проектирования для решения повседневных учебных, научных и производственных задач, что и является причиной для развития проектно-конструкторских компетенций.

Keywords: Science, design system, program, software, computer, engineering, automate the process.

Ключевые слова: наука, система проектирования, программа, программное обеспечение, компьютер, инженерия, автоматизация процесса.

Modern development of science and technology is closely connected with informatics. This science allows solving problems both on a cosmic scale and at the cellular level. They would remain unsolved without the use of modern computer technologies due to the significant volume of calculations or the need to perform a large number of actions simultaneously. Today, computer technology is widely used in solving many problems in technology, molecular biology, ecology, and economics.

Computer-aided design system (CAD) is a set of design automation tools interconnected with the necessary departments of a design organization or a team of specialists (user of the system) performing automated design. CAD combines technical tools, mathematical and software support, the parameters and characteristics of which are selected with maximum consideration of the specific features of engineering design and construction tasks. CAD ensures the convenience of using programs by using means of operational communication between an engineer and a computer, special problem-oriented languages ​​and an information and reference base [1].

To create a CAD system, it is necessary to:

• improve design based on the use of mathematical methods and computer technology;
• automate the process of searching, processing and issuing information;
• use optimization and multivariant design methods;
• use effective mathematical models of designed objects, components and materials;
• create databases containing systematized reference information necessary for the automated design of objects;
• improve the quality of design documentation;
• increase the creative share of designers' work due to the automation of non-creative work;
• unification and standardization of design methods;
• training and retraining of specialists in the field of CAD;
• interaction of design departments with automated systems of various levels and purposes.

The main function of CAD is to perform automated design at all or individual stages of designing objects and their components. When creating CAD and their components, one should be guided by the principles of system unity, compatibility, typification, and development.

The transformation of the initial description into the final one generates intermediate descriptions, which are the subject of consideration in order to determine the end of the design or the choice of ways to continue it. Such descriptions are called design solutions.

CAD is an open and evolving system. There are at least two reasons why CAD should be a time-varying system. First, the development of such a complex object as CAD takes a long time and it is economically advantageous to put into operation parts of the system as they are ready. The basic version of the system put into operation is subsequently expanded. Second, the constant progress of computer technology and computational mathematics leads to the emergence of new, more advanced mathematical models and programs that should replace old, less successful analogues. Therefore, CAD should be an open system, i.e. have the property of conveniently incorporating new methods and means [2].

The design of a technical object is associated with the creation, transformation and presentation in an accepted form of the image of this object. The image of the object or its components can be created in the imagination of a person as a result of the creative process or generated according to certain algorithms in the process of interaction between a person and a computer. Design begins with the presence of a design assignment that reflects the needs of society in obtaining a certain technical product. This assignment is presented in the form of certain documents and is the initial (primary) description of the object. The result of design, as a rule, is a complete set of documentation containing sufficient information for the manufacture of the object in the specified conditions. This documentation is the final description of the object [3].

The design process is the transformation of the initial description of an object into a final description based on the implementation of a set of research, calculation and design works.

 The tasks of automated design are to increase the efficiency of engineers, including [4]:

• reduction of labor intensity of design and planning;
• reduction of design time;
• reduction of design and manufacturing costs, reduction of operating costs;
• improvement of quality and technical and economic level of design results;
• reduction of costs of full-scale modeling and testing.

Achieving these goals is ensured by:

• automation of documentation;
• information support and automation of the decision-making process;
• use of parallel design technologies;
• unification of design solutions and design processes;
• reuse of design solutions, data and developments;
• strategic design;
• replacement of full-scale testing and prototyping with mathematical modeling;
• improving the quality of design management;
• application of variant design and optimization methods.

Intelligent computer-aided design systems (ICAD) are new-generation computer-aided design systems (CAD) that employ new information technologies (NIT) based on artificial intelligence (AI). This refers to the use of both knowledge processing technologies (including the creation of design knowledge base management systems (KBM), the implementation of various design solution search strategies, output mechanisms, etc.) and technologies for the formation and support of professional images and ideas among developers. Knowledge processing is understood as a closed cycle of knowledge circulation in computer systems (similar to the Carnot cycle in heat engines), consisting of procedures for acquiring, presenting, replenishing, generating, supporting, and transferring design knowledge. The formation and support of professional images and ideas means the creation of advanced visualization and three-dimensional modeling tools, for example, using models of constructive geometry of three-dimensional objects or boundary representation methods [5].

The construction of the ISAPR is associated with the achievement of the following most important goals of automation of design and engineering work (development stages).

1. Increasing the efficiency of design and reducing the production cycle time in relation to the entire life cycle of the developed product (item) based on the computer integration of various models, methods, procedures, tasks, stages and levels of design, integration of design tools, technological preparation of production and production itself.
2. Reduction of design time as a result of decreasing the number of design integrations by implementing strategies of combined development of partial transformation of the sequential structure of the life cycle of a certain product into a parallel one. Here, reduction of design time is achieved by organizing a more intensive exchange of data and knowledge between various design departments, coordinating their activities, ensuring that operational and production-technological parameters are taken into account at the initial stages of design, and wider use of modeling tools. As a result, the volume of work on redesigning and adjusting design documentation, as well as the volume of testing and work on fine-tuning prototypes, is reduced.
3. Expansion of the functional capabilities of CAD, primarily in terms of supporting and intensifying heuristic and creative activities during design, storing, transferring and replenishing unique design knowledge, implementing a user-friendly interface with the developer, which will ensure an increase in the quality and productivity of work of specialists of various categories (designers, constructors, engineers, technologists).
4. Improving the quality of products being developed through more complete consideration of information of various natures, automated synthesis of new design solutions, increasing the number of options being viewed and the depth of elaboration of each option. Consequently, the validity of the selected design solutions and the quality of design documentation should increase.

Conclusion. So, if the goal of developing a hybrid ES is to interpret the results of calculation procedures, then the principle of surface integration can be used. If the goal of development is to build a developed intelligent interface, then a system with deep integration is a more suitable option. Similarly, when high flexibility and sufficient generality are required from the system, the second approach should be used.

References:

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3. Khushnaev O.A. Rakhmatova F.M., Scientific and methodical basis for evaluation of design competencies of future engineers. Journal of Critical Reviews. 274-276 pp.
4. Khakimov J. The role of multimedia in developing students' information design competence. Ethiopian International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research. Vol. 11 No. 04 (2024). Pages 161-168.
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