RESEARCH OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SURFACTANTS (SURFACTANTS) AND PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ELASTIC-SHEAR-RESISTANT COMPOSITE ASPHALT CONCRETE MATERIALS AND COATINGS BASED ON THEM ILLY ROADS

ABSTRACT

The characteristics of surfactants are described and the results of the identified patterns of physical-mechanical and adhesive properties of the developed composite asphalt concrete materials depending on the type and content of surfactants are presented, the optimal compositions of the developed composite asphalt concrete materials that contribute to increasing the deformation-shear resistance of the asphalt concrete composition and improving the workability and compaction of the compositions during their coating on the surface of roads, ultimately leading to an increase in the service life and durability of roads.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В работе описаны характеристики ПАВ и подробно приведены результаты выявленных закономерностей физико-механических и адгезионных свойств разрабатываемых композиционных асфальтобетонных материалов в зависимости от вида и содержания ПАВ, оптимальные составы разработанных композиционных асфальтобетонных материалов, способствующих повышению деформационно-сдвигоустойчивости асфальтобетонной композиции и улучшению удобоукладываемости и уплотнения композиций при их покрытии на поверхности дорог, приводящих, в конечном итоге, к увеличению срока службы и долговечности автомобильных дорог.

Keywords:  asphalt concrete composite materials, bitumen, surfactants, powdered gossypol resin, viscous flow gossypol resin, compressive strength, adhesion strength, river and dune sands.

Ключевые слова: асфальтобетонные композиционные материалы, битум, поверхностно-активные вещества, порошкообразная госиполовая смола, вязкотекучая госсиполовая смола, предел прочности при сжатии, прочность сцепления, речные и барханные пески.

Introduction. In recent years, due to the expansion of road construction, bridge construction and repair work, the requirements for materials used in this process have sharply increased. Particularly stringent requirements are imposed on waterproofing materials used for the construction and repair of joints and road surfaces, bridges and airfields [1; With. 265-266, 2; With. 152-153, 3; With. 380-387, 4; With. 203-204, 5; With. 16-21, 6; With. 75-82, 7; With. 449-458].

As can be seen from the analysis of the above literary sources, the requirements for asphalt concrete pavement materials are very diverse and not all currently produced and newly created deformation-shear-resistant asphalt concrete composite materials can fully satisfy these requirements, especially in terms of wear resistance and hardening speed [6; With. 75-82, 7; With. 449-458].

To increase the deformation-shear resistance and physical and mechanical properties of asphalt concrete pavements of highways, highway builders are currently forced, on their own initiative, to use various components similar to surfactant surfactants. However, these materials are not effective enough and do not have a set of properties that ensure an increase in the technical and technological properties of composite road-building materials (RCMs).

One of the directions for increasing the deformation-shear resistance of asphalt concrete pavements and, accordingly, the quality and durability of highways, reducing the consumption of binding materials, and increasing workability is the use of certain surfactants based on organic binders and oligomers with improved properties, as well as effective multifunctional surfactants from industrial and secondary products and waste from various production of organic substances.

In this regard, this article discusses the results of studies of the influence of surface-active substances (surfactants) on the physical and mechanical properties and, accordingly, the deformation-shear resistance characteristics of composite asphalt concrete materials for the use of road surfaces.

Object and methods of research. The object of the study is bitumen BN60/90, BN40/60 [8-9], finely ground rubber powder [10], gossypol resin, powdered water-soluble gossypol resin, finely ground physically activated natural sands, as well as lime, recycled polyethylene, lignin [11-24].

Research methods. The work used standard physical and mechanical research methods, in particular, determination of compressive and shear strength, needle penetration depth - penetration, adhesion strength to concrete, water absorption and other physical and mechanical indicators of composite asphalt concrete materials in accordance with the requirements adopted in the CIS State Standard (State Standard -26589, State Standard -11506, State Standard -11501, 11507 and TU RUZ 14.04.2004).

Research results and their analysis. Let us consider the results of a study of the influence of surfactants on the physical-mechanical and, accordingly, deformation-shear-resistant properties of composite asphalt concrete materials for road pavements.

Currently, to increase the deformation-shear resistance and physical and mechanical properties of asphalt concrete pavements, highway builders use various components similar to surfactant surfactants. However, these products are not effective enough and do not have a set of properties that ensure an increase in the technical and technological properties of composite road-building materials (RCMs).

To study and their influence on the properties of the composition, we selected viscous-flowing gossypol resin (GS) and modified powdered gossypol resin (surfactant-composite), bottom furfuryl alcohol residue (COFR) as surfactants. In this case, the content of GS and surfactant composite in bitumen was changed from 1 to 10% and asphalt concrete composite materials for road surfaces were obtained. The results of the study of compressive and shear strength depending on the content of GS and surfactant-composite are shown in Figures 1 (a, b).

а)                                                                                       b)

1-Chinaz, 2-Yazyavan, 3-Yangier, 4-Chirchik

——— Surfactant composite, - - - - GS

Figure 1 (a, b). Dependence of compressive (a) and shear (b) strength of asphalt concrete composite materials on the content of modified powdered gossypol resin (surfactant composite) and viscous gossypol resin (GS) with a bitumen content of 6% by weight of the composition

As can be seen from the course of the curves in Figures 5 (a, b), the introduction of gossypol resin and a surfactant composite into the composition to a certain extent helps to improve the strength properties of the compositions, such as compressive strength and shear strength.

This is explained by the fact that gossypol resin, influencing the processes of interaction of bitumen with mechanically activated sands, facilitates wetting due to the formation of a bond between particles of mechanically activated disperse systems and the spreading of bitumen over their surface by reducing the viscosity of the composition, which is a necessary condition for improving the adhesion between sand particles due to formation of thinner continuous films. This also improves the workability and compaction properties of the coatings.

The same pattern of changes in the strength properties of asphalt concrete pavements was observed when using the residual furfuryl alcohol as a surfactant in an amount of 1 to 10% of the bitumen in the composition.

Based on the obtained patterns of curves in Figures 2 (a, b), the optimal amount of surfactant for asphalt concrete pavements produced using mechanically activated river and dune sands should be 7-10% in relation to the BND 40/60 grade bitumen used.

 Figures 2 (a, b) show the results of studies on the effect of the content of various surfactants on the adhesion strength of bitumen when filled with various natural sands.

1-1¹ - Chinaz sand; 2-2¹ - Yazyavan sand; 3-3¹- Yangiersky sand; 4-4¹- Chirchik sand;

- - - - - mechanically activated natural sands;

——— non-activated natural sands

Figure. 6 (a, b) Dependence of the adhesion strength of bitumen on the content of a surfactant-composite based on viscous-flowing (a) and powdery modified (b) gossypol resin (surfactant-composite) when filling the bitumen composition with various natural sands

When introducing viscous flow (a) and modified powdered gossypol resin surfactant-composite (b) into bitumen from 1% to 10, an increase in adhesion strength is observed (Fig. 2 a, b). Thus, with the introduction of non-activated and mechanically activated natural sands, the adhesion strength increases and ranges from 34-41% to 62-67%, and from 41-56% to 70-78%, and with mechanically activated natural sands, the adhesion strength is in ranging from 43-49% to 71-75% and 50-64% to 74-85%, respectively. As can be seen, the adhesion strength of compositions with mechanically activated natural sands is much higher in both cases. The introduction of a surfactant based on viscous-flowing gossypol resin (GS) and modified powdered gossypol resin (surfactant composite) into a bitumen composition filled with non-activated and mechanically activated natural sands significantly increases their adhesion strength. At the same time, a significant increase in adhesion strength is observed in the bitumen composition modified with powdered gossypol resins and mechanically activated natural sands.

Conclusion. Thus, the conducted studies of multifunctional surfactants, such as viscous and modified powdered gossypol resin surfactant-composite and the bottom residue of furfural alcohol, as well as mechanically activated natural sands, contribute to a significant improvement in compressive strength, shear and adhesive strength and water saturation, reduces swelling organic-mineral composition by increasing the physical and chemical interaction of the components of the composition, which contribute to increasing the deformation-shear resistance of the asphalt concrete composition and improving the workability and compaction of the compositions when covering them on the surface of roads, ultimately leading to an increase in the service life and durability of roads.

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