Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) VENT. CELLULOSE EXTRACTION FROM THE BAST PLANT AND ITS PROPERTIES

ABSTRACT

This article lists Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Cellulose extraction processes from Vent (BP) have been studied, and the cellulose extraction process has been conducted in the natron method. The physicochemical properties of the resulting cellulose were studied. Infrared (IQ) structure analysis and thermagraammetric (TGA) of the cellulose obtained in addition were studied. In addition, the length of the junction, the amount of ash, meanwhile, BP fibers have been studied for high crystallinity, high elongation strength and high moisture area, low elongation length. All of these results showed that BP fibers have similar properties to traditional natural cellulose fibers (such as topinambur, wheat straw, cotton, and flax). Therefore, they can be seen as a promising alternative source for natural cellulose fibers.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В этой статье перечислены Broussonetia papyrifera (L.). Изучены процессы экстракции целлюлозы из Vent (BP), а процесс экстракции целлюлозы проведен натронным методом. Изучены физико-химические свойства полученной целлюлозы. Были изучены инфракрасный (IQ) структурный анализ и термоамперметрия (ТГА) полученной дополнительно целлюлозы. Кроме того, длина стыка, количество золы, между тем, волокна ВР были изучены на предмет высокой кристалличности, высокой прочности при растяжении и высокой площади влажности, малой длины удлинения. Все эти результаты показали, что волокна BP имеют свойства, аналогичные традиционным натуральным целлюлозным волокнам (таким как топинамбур, пшеничная солома, хлопок и лен). Следовательно, их можно рассматривать как многообещающий альтернативный источник натуральных целлюлозных волокон.

Keywords: Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. (BP), natural cellulose fibers, fiber extraction, polymers, natron method, natural fibers.

Ключевые слова: Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. (БП), натуральные целлюлозные волокна, экстракция волокна, полимеры, натронный метод, натуральные волокна.

Introduction. In Uzbekistan, the need for cellulose and its simple and complex esters and paper and paper products, as well as compositional materials based on them, is increasing day by day. For this reason, comprehensive measures have been implemented to organize scientific research in the field at a high level and provide the domestic market with quality cellulose and its products. To expand the reserves of cellulose and its esters, there are other types of perennials and perennials, fiber waste from various industrial enterprises, in addition to cotton lint. These are plants that hold cellulose in their composition, such as topinambur plant stem, poplar tree, wheat straw, rice pod. The fact that the cellulose formed during their synthesis has a high molecular mass and high-quality indicators of compositional polymer materials obtained on its basis is one of the main factors.

Today, in the world, the synthesis of new derivatives of cellulose and its products, the creation of reactive activities and cellulose esters with high quality indicators on their basis, as well as compositional products are among the urgent tasks. Scientific research is underway on current issues such as processes aimed at eliminating the influence of various factors on its destructive States during the period of obtaining cellulose, studying the effects of several parameters affecting them, creating nano-dimensional compositional composition, creating technologies for obtaining stable writing papers on water, organic solvents, indicating through studies whether it is possible to obtain cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose (Na-KMS), nitrocellulose (colloxylin) Taking into account the above, we selected a new type of tree with the aim of expanding the base of cellulose raw materials and studied the Jarion of obtaining cellulose from it.

Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. (BP) (mulberry paper tree) is a fast - growing tree in the family Moraceae and is a common tree in East Asia and the Pacific Islands [1]. This plant is a plant with a number of advantages such as wide adaptability, strong germination capacity and excellent regeneration capacity [2, 3]. In addition, it can be easily cultivated in some harsh conditions. For example, it can also be grown in wet areas, sometimes in mountainous areas (stream banks and slopes).

In addition, BP has been called a "cellulose-producing tree" because its trunk and trunk are the primary raw materials for high-quality paper and Paper Products [4, 5]. Thus, the scientists who conducted the research before us focused mainly on the application of BP for the purposes of paper production and cellulose extraction. According to the information we have collected, there have also been ideas for its use in the furniture industry. [6, 7].

In fact, some common cob plants, including jute [8, 9], hemp [10, 11] and flax [12], have been studied as additional sources of natural cellulose fibers.Recently, Khmel (humunus) stems [13], corn stems [14], Barxate leaves [15], wheat and rice straw were separated after degumation, several new natural cellulose fibers with acceptable textile properties to bind individual short fibers into bundles

To obtain high-quality cellulose from BP, a number of experiments were carried out in laboratory conditions, that is, alkaline cooking processes were carried out. As a result of further experiments, the effect of alkaline cooking temperatures on the quality of the cellulose was determined.

Experiments.

Material.

BP trees used in our study were grown on the territory of the Botanical Garden of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The BP branch was cut and ground using a grinder, and cooking was carried out.

Practical part. 200 gr of crushed raw materials in a porcelain bowl contains 60 g/l of corrosive alkali in a 2000 ml solution (module 1:10), thoroughly decomposed, put in an autoclave and the lid was tightly closed using bolts. Then, using a glycerin heater, the temperature rose to 130 – 140 °C boiled for 2 hours at the same temperature. During boiling, the air collected inside the autoclave was pumped out 2-3 times using a ventel mounted on the autoclave cover. When the process is complete, the autoclave is placed in a container of cold water and the temperature

Cooled to 60-70 °C, then the cellulose formed by opening the autoclave cap was separated from the solution in a different float. Then it was washed with technical water 5 times. The resulting product is an unbleached cellulose, which was dried at room temperature or on a drying shelf at 100 °C.

The resulting cellulose was bleached with a 3% solution of N₂O₂ and IR spectra analyzed.

Table 1

Structural benchmarks of plants

Increasing the cooking temperature from 120 to 190 °C (Table 2) significantly affects the rate of elimination of the hydroxide of cellulose. This leads to the fact that the extremes of the curves contained in α-cellulose have a well-defined property, depending on the temperature of the process. The results showed that with an increase in temperature, the amount of α-cellulose increases significantly and the degree of polymerization decreases (Table 2). According to the results of this series of experiments, the optimal cooking temperature is 170 °C at an oxygen pressure of 7.0 MPa.

Table 2.

Effect of the amount of cellulose on temperature

Figure 1. Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. IQ of cellulose from the bast plant

In the field of IQ spectrum 3400-3450   valence fluctuations of hydroxyl groups corresponding to intermolecular and internal molecular hydrogen bonds are manifested in terms of value. The valence oscillation of C-H – bonds in the methylene and methine groups of cellulose is manifested in the 2900-2950  field, and in the 1600-1640  field, the oscillations of adsorbed water molecules are manifested. 1400 , 1390 , 1310 , 1110-1100  in the field of absorption lines – CH, –CH₂ corresponds to the deformation oscillations of the –OH, -CO groups and the valence oscillations of the C-O group.

Figure 2. Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. the IQ of cellulose obtained from Bast, flax and topinambur plants

Conclusion. Analysis of the results showed that Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. we can get a plant. Firstly, there are opportunities to grow this plant in large quantities in the sharaat of Uzbekistan and special attention and conditions do not choose, and secondly, the degree of polymerization of cellulose is considered important for the paper industry.

Looking at the other side Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. when studying the effect of alkali cosentration on cellulose quality indicators in the process of obtaining cellulose from the plant, it was found that the increase in Alkali concentration has a significant effect on cellulose fertility, the amount of α–cellulose, as well as the degree of polymerization. So it will be worthwhile if we introduce the cellulose we received into the paper industry.

References:

1. Fahrney K, Boonnaphol O, Keoboulapha B. Indigenous management of paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) in swidden rice fields and fallows in northern Laos. In: Paper presented at the regional workshop on indigenous strategies for intensification of shifting cultivation in Southeast Asia. Bogor, Indonesia, 1997: 23-27.
2. Saito K, et al. Broussonetia papyrifera (paper mulberry): its growth, yield and potential as a fallow crop in slash-andburn upland rice system of northern Laos. Agroforestry Systems 2009; 76, 3: 525-532.
3. Huang W, Lei X-C. Utilization of a New Material-Guangyechu for Pulping Industry. China Pulp & Paper 2005; 11: 39-41.
4. Bosu PP, et al. The impact of Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) vent. on community characteristics in the forest and forest–savannah transition ecosystems of Ghana. African Journal of Ecology 2013: 51, 4: 528–535.
5. Wang S. The potential development and economic value of new varieties of trees—Broussonetia papyrifera. Modern Seed Industry 2006; 6: 35-36.
6. Nei XZ, Liu SH, Zhang ZF. APSP paper pulp preparation of Broussonetia papyrifera. Paper Making of Hubei 2005; 3: 2-4.
7. Wang LJ, Li L, Ma JZ. The viscose filament and its preparation of Broussonetia papyrifera. In: Chinese Patent, 2006.
8. Sirkar SC, Saha NN. Hydrated cellulose from jute fibre. Nature 1946; 157: 839.
9. Gassan J, Bledzki AK. Alkali treatment of jute fibers: Relationship between structure and mechanical properties. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 1999; 71, 4: 623-629.
10. Wang HM, et al. Removing Pectin and Lignin During Chemical Processing of Hemp for Textile Applications. Textile Research Journal 2003; 73; 8: 664-669.
11. Nasrilla Ibragimov, Shukhrat Mirkomilov, Marat Mukhamedjanov, Elmurod Egamberdiev, Nargisa Igamkulova, Akhror Agzamkulov, Yorkinjon Ergashev. Decontamination of aeration station wastewater using ultraviolet radiation. 5th International Conference on Energetics, Civil and Agricultural Engineering (ICECAE 2024) E3S Web of Conferences 497, 03033 (2024)  https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202449703033
12. Elmurod Egamberdiev, Khurshid Khaydullaev, Doston Shomurodov, Abdubosit Atakhodjaev, Sherzod Mengliev, Nargisa Igamkulova, Marat Mukhamedjanov, Sadritdin Turabdjanov. Application of waste paper in composite materials based on mineral fibers. 5th International Conference on Energetics, Civil and Agricultural Engineering (ICECAE 2024) E3S Web of Conferences 497, 02026 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202449702026
13. Yorkinjon Ergashev, Elmurod Egamberdiev, Guzal Akmalova, Muattar Umarova, Indira Ayubova, Sevara Kholiqova, Munisa Mirzakhmedova, Sadritdin Turabdjanov. Production of filter material from various natural fibers. 5th International Conference on Energetics, Civil and Agricultural Engineering (ICECAE 2024) E3S Web of Conferences 497, 03052 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202449703052
14. Elmurod Egamberdiyev, Yorqinjon Ergashev, Guzal Akmalova, G‘appor Rahmonberdiyev.  Effects and Analysis of Chytazone in the Process of Processing Paper from Natural polymeres. International Conference on Smart Technologies and Applied Research (STAR'2023) E3S Web of Conferences 477, 00053 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202447700053
15. Gulnoza Djakhangirova, Aziza Miralimova, Dildora Maxmudova, Elmurod Egamberdiev, Umida Sharipova, Mavluda Ziyaeva, Yorqinjon Ergashev. Control of microbiological contamination and content of cations in wastewater of grain processing enterprises in Uzbekistan. 5th International Conference on Energetics, Civil and Agricultural Engineering (ICECAE 2024) E3S Web of Conferences 497, 03032 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202449703032