THE IMPORTANCE OF TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS IN ASSESSING WATER QUALITY

ABSTRACT

This article presents data on the mineralization of drinking water from various sources within the Fergana city area. Samples were taken from open natural sources, sources that underwent primary sanitary treatment, and water purified in specialized laboratory systems. The study demonstrated that using the "ECscan 40 Pocket Conductivity Tester" allows for high-quality express assessment of water mineralization (TDS). This device provides accurate and rapid results, making it a valuable tool for monitoring water quality in different conditions. The data obtained with this device help determine the level of total dissolved solids in water, which is a crucial indicator for evaluating its quality and suitability for consumption. Thus, the use of the "ECscan 40 Pocket Conductivity Tester" enhances the control over drinking water quality and ensures safer water supply for the population. The findings highlight the importance of regular monitoring and advanced testing methods in maintaining water safety standards.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В статье представлены данные о минерализации питьевой воды из различных источников в пределах города Ферганы. Были отобраны пробы воды из открытых природных источников, источников, прошедших первичную санитарную очистку, и воды, очищенной в специализированных лабораторных системах. Исследования показали, что использование специального прибора "ECscan 40 Pocket Conductivity Tester" позволяет проводить высококачественную экспресс-оценку минерализации воды (TDS). Этот прибор обеспечивает точные и быстрые результаты, что делает его полезным инструментом для мониторинга качества воды в различных условиях. Данные, полученные с помощью этого прибора, помогают выявить уровень общего содержания растворенных твердых веществ в воде, что является важным показателем при оценке её качества и пригодности для потребления. Таким образом, использование "ECscan 40 Pocket Conductivity Tester" способствует улучшению контроля за качеством питьевой воды и обеспечивает более безопасное водоснабжение для населения.

Keywords: ECscan 40 Pocket Conductivity Tester, open natural sources, TDS, drinking water, express assessment.

Ключевые слова: ECscan 40 Pocket Conductivity Tester, открытые природные источники, TDS, питьевая вода, экспресс-оценка.

Introduction

The "ECscan 40 Pocket Conductivity Tester" device is designed to measure the total mineralization level (TDS - Total Dissolved Solids) and the temperature of water. Mineralization is a physicochemical indicator of an aqueous solution. This parameter is also referred to as the content of dissolved solids or the total amount of salts since substances dissolved in water are in the form of salts[1]. The most common inorganic salts (bicarbonates, chlorides, and sulfates of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium) and a small amount of water-soluble organic substances. The salinity level of water is determined by the quality of water from natural sources, which varies significantly in different geological areas due to the varying solubility of minerals. In addition to natural factors, industrial wastewater, urban stormwater, and others have a significant impact on the total mineralization of water[2]. Determining quantitative characteristics, such as mineralization and salt content, is important not only from the perspective of ecology and life safety but also for modeling and calculating heat exchangers and dryers in various industries.

Methodology

To determine the salt content in drinking water during laboratory tests, the "ECscan 40 Pocket Conductivity Tester" device was used. To carry out the measurements, the protective cap of the device is removed, the power button is pressed, and the device automatically switches to working mode. Then the device's electrode is immersed in the sample under investigation until its tip is covered with liquid, and the results stabilize within 3-5 seconds. This procedure is described in the special manual[3] provided by the manufacturer and is applicable only to functional devices. The device is calibrated using calibration solutions with a specific level of purity. When the device is immersed in water, it generates electrons that create an electric field in the liquid[4]. In the studies, the "ECscan 40 Pocket Conductivity Tester" device, calibrated by the manufacturer using Conductivity Standard Solutions 1413 Ppm, 840 Ppm, and 1288 Ppm, was used[15], and in some cases, recalibration is not required.

Appearance and Structure of the Device

Figure. 1. a) Overview of the kit, b) ECscan 40 Pocket Conductivity Tester device

Figure 2. a) 1. Indicator fixation button, 2. digital display, 3. measurement parameters change button, 4. on and off button. b) 1st protective cap, 2nd electrode measuring conductometric changes

Figure 3. Sample inspection process

Measurement Results

During the scientific research, various drinking, wastewater, and specially purified waters used in laboratory activities in the city[14] of Fergana were used (Table 1), and the following analysis results were generally obtained.

Table 1.

Results

Conclusion

Based on the above analysis results, we found that[13] samples taken from specialized water purification laboratory systems and packaged water meet the indicators presented in the expert report by American doctors Lee T. Rosella and Ronald L. Wasen[5] for the World Health Organization in 1980 and in the report[6] by two Russian researchers G.I. Sidorenko and Yu.A. Rakhmanin. However, the water quality from the central water supply system of Fergana city[7] is significantly below the global standards[8]. It should also be remembered that the indicator of total dissolved solids (TDS) does not provide complete information about the biological and bacteriological environment of the water[9]. The "ECscan 40 Pocket Conductivity Tester" device[10] was effectively used in these analyses[11], and the express assessment showed that the device will be useful for assessing[ water quality in various industries.

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