DOLZARB ISSUES AFFECTING THE MINING PROCESS IN TEPAQOTON MINE

ABSTRACT

The article presents the problems and solutions of the Tepaqotan mine. When the horizontal shaft of the mine is deepened, the pressure of the mine is severe, the humidity level, the ventilation system and the transportation system are complicated, because the sylvinite ore is formed from sedimentary rocks. At the same time, in order to maintain the priority of the mining piles and to create a safe working scope, additional racks, anchor fences, iron poles and mining layer are added to the mining piles directly using the combine machine. it is recommended to increase the slope.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В статье представлены проблемы и пути их решения на руднике Тепакотан. Когда горизонтальный ствол шахты углубляется, давление в шахте становится высоким, уровень влажности, система вентиляции и транспортировки усложняются, поскольку сильвинитовая руда образуется из осадочных пород. В то же время, чтобы сохранить приоритет забивных свай и создать безопасную рабочую зону, непосредственно с помощью комбайна к забивным сваям добавляются дополнительные стойки, анкерные ограждения, железные столбы и защитный слой. рекомендуется увеличить уклон.

Keywords: mining pressure, sedimentary rocks, ventilation system, anchor devices and steel columns, horizontal thrust.

Ключевые слова: горное давление, осадочные породы, вентиляционная система, анкерные устройства и стальные колонны, горизонтальная тяга.

Introduction: The Tepaqotan potash mine is located in the territory of the Kashkadarya region of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Chorjoi region of the Republic of Turkmenistan.

The mine is 24 km long from southwest to northeast, 7 km wide and is located in the Lalmikon fold. The width of the mine in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan is 1.5 to 3.0 km. The total reserve area of the mine is 69.6 km2, of which 31.4 km2 is located in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Structure - tectonically, the Tepaqotan deposit is located in the southwestern Hisar megaanticline. The megaanticline is located in the anticlinal and synclinal zones in the northeast direction. In the central part of the megaanticline, the Gaurdak-Tübegatan anticline zone is located, consisting of a number of independent short folded anticlines. in two of them (Tepoquton and Lalmikon) the Tepaqotan potash mine is located.

The north-western wing of the anticline has a simple appearance, and all deposits, including the Lower II industrial layer, are monoclinal at an angle of 10-150.

Research methodology: Modern mine preparation and excavation equipment will be used to achieve the capacity of the mine, which is provided for in the project.

Project work consists of:

1. Mine opening scheme;

2. Preparation and extraction of selvinite ore for underground mining.

The opening of the mine was mainly opened through 2 shafts, which shifted to the Lower II layer at a lying angle of 30˚. These 2 shafts are located at a slope of 6˚.

3 Ural-20R excavators with a cross-sectional area S = 15.6 m2, 1 Ural-10A combine with a cross-sectional area S = 10 m2, BP-14V hopper-loader and 5VS for panel opening, preparation and mining operations - 15M self-propelled wagons are used.

After the completion of construction works, the mine's project capacity will be 2100 thousand tons.

Mine pressure management is a set of measures and measures designed to regulate mine pressure in the mining area in order to create conditions that ensure safe, stable and efficient extraction of useful minerals.

These measures include the selection and use of suitable methods of strengthening the piles, which will remove the dangerous effects of such phenomena as the collapse of the ceiling rock on a large scale, the impact of the mine, the sudden release of coal and gases, as well as the spontaneous combustion of the coal, and the selection and use of the best methods of strengthening the piles, which will ensure the retention of the piles. in school

At present, the method of controlling the mine pressure by fully draining the ceiling rocks and completely filling the mined hole is widely used in mining practice. Kdeman collapse of the ceiling rocks, partial filling of the excavated space, methods of managing mine pressure by gently tilting the ceiling are also used methods, and their scope of application is getting smaller and smaller.

The method of controlling the mine pressure by completely collapsing the roof rocks is mainly used when mechanized reinforcement complexes are used.

In order to reduce the pressure on the reinforcement, periodic (periodic) collapsing of the ceiling rocks outside the boundaries of the pre-cavity space during the excavation of the excavation is called full collapse. When individual reinforcements are used, the ceiling rocks are collapsed by removing the cavity and special reinforcements in places that do not affect the normal operation of people and machinery. In this case, of course, special reinforcements will be installed along the defined line between the excavated hole where the ceiling will collapse and the cavity. The distance between two falls is called the step of the ceiling, and its amount should be multiple (double, triple, etc.) in relation to the coverage size of the excavator.

When mechanized reinforcements are used, the ceiling rocks will collapse into the dug cavity after its push. In this case, the step of lowering the ceiling (in this case it is more appropriate to say the step of collapse) depends on the structure of the reinforcement and the nature of the rocks.

Directly, in most cases, the first subsidence (first collapse) of the main ceiling rocks takes place at a distance of 50-80 m from the assembly chamber. During the first collapse, if a large mass of rock is moved, a dynamic effect can occur, damaging the pre-cavity reinforcement or causing it to fail completely.

In order to prevent such harmful effects of the first collapse, ceiling rocks are often artificially loosened by drilling-blasting or hydrodynamic impact. After the first demolition, the main ceiling rocks are continuously demolished. The demolition step is multiple, usually 2 or 3 times the width of the excavator.

A reinforcement is installed to prevent it from cracking during the excavation of the solder. The strength of the mine pressure is equal to the weight of the mine rocks on top of the weld, and it is called the mine pressure.

The strength of mine pressure, the nature of its impact on the environment depends on many factors, including physical and mechanical properties of rocks, mining technological properties, shape of loams, cross-sectional surface, depth relative to the ground level, and service life.

The harder the mining rocks are, the lower the mining pressure is, the less spreading the crushing is. [1]

Results and discussion: The mine we will be looking at is the Tepaqotan mine. Tepaqo'tan mine is located in Dehkanabad district of Kashkadarya region. Let's look at the general problems of this mine.

First of all, let's list the main factors that occur in the Tepakotan mine:

1. As the horizontal layer of the mine deepens, the pressure of the mine increases sharply. Note (1mm.Hg at 12m).

2. Since sylvinite ore is formed from sedimentary rocks, the moisture content increases. Note (the main chemical composition of sylvinite ore consists of salt NaCl)

3. As a result of the increase in the scope of mining operations, the operation of the equipment leads to several stoppages.

4. The ventilation system and the transportation system become complicated. (Fig. 1). [3]

Figure 1. Ventilation system and transportation system

If we focus on the first and second topics of the main mining problems of the mine we are considering, these two cases are inextricably linked. Increased mine pressure and increased moisture require drastic measures to be taken during mining and in maintaining the priority of columns that may be left behind after mining. In particular, the increase in humidity creates the basis for the dissolution of salt in the rocks. Considering these factors, we would like to make the following conclusions and recommendations: [4]

Conclusion: 1.In order to maintain the priority of the mine shafts and to create a safe working scope, we recommend the addition of racks, anchor fences and steel poles to the mine shafts. The explanation is given in (Figure 2).[2]

Figure 2. Additional stands for mine shafts, side hulls and iron masts

1. Our second recommendation would be to increase the slope of the mining layer directly with the help of a combine harvester. The explanation is given in (Fig.3)

Figure 3. Increase the slope of the mining layer using a combine harvester

Bibliography:

1.  Егоров.П.В ва бошқалар. Основы горного дела. М. МГГУ, 2000г 405стр.
2. Геологические исходные данные для проектирования горнодобывающего комплекса Дехканабадского завода калийных удобрений. ООО «НПФ «Геопрогноз». Пермь, 2007 г.
3. Геомеханические исходные данные для проектирования отработки Тюбегатанского месторождения калийных солей. ОАО “Галургия”. Пермь, 2008
4. Отчет «Подготовка исходных данных для проектирования вентиляционной системы рудника Дехканабадского завода калийных удобрений. ООО НИВЦ «НИАМО», ПГТУ (Н.Н. Мохирев), Пермь, 2008 г.