MODIFICATION METHOD OF SODIUM SILICATE

ABSTRACT

The article describes the method of modifying sodium silicate with organic modifiers. As a result of modification with an organic modifier, the adhesion of sodium silicate increased by 2.5-3.02 times. This was explained by the dipole-dipole effect of the organic modifier.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В статье описан способ модификации силиката натрия органическими модификаторами. В результате модификации органическим модификатором адгезия силиката натрия увеличилась в 2,5-3,02 раза. Это объяснили диполь-дипольным эффектом органического модификатора.

Keywords: liquid glass, modifier, adhesion, ratio, composition.

Ключевые слова: жидкое стекло, модификатор, адгезия, соотношение, состав.

INTRODUCTION

“Liquid glass” - sodium silicate is an aqueous solution of silicates, regardless of the polymer structure and amount of silicon, as well as the method of preparation, which differ in mutual silicate module. [1]. According to the type of cation, liquid bottles can be aqueous solutions of sodium, potassium, lithium and ammonium salts. Liquid glass, the main product of inorganic synthesis, is produced and widely used in almost all countries of the world. Liquid glass is used in many industries, the largest consumers of which are the paint industry [2,3], production of welding electrodes [4,5,6], construction and mechanical engineering [7,8]. The industry of most countries of the world mainly produces sodium liquid bottle on a much larger scale. This is due to the relatively greater availability and lower cost of sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide compared to the corresponding compounds of potassium, lithium or ammonium . One of the main areas of use of liquid glass is the production of artificial silicate stones due to its high binding qualities and the ability to form a durable material when hardened. In this case, liquid glass is mixed with various fillers (sand, crushed rock, wood chips), and then the resulting dispersed system is formed. Liquid glass itself does not have the ability to solidify by volume, so hardeners are added to the raw material mixture, or semi-finished products are immersed in a calcium chloride solution for a short time, which causes the liquid glass to harden and thus give the products the necessary strength. Liquid glass has a number of valuable properties: non-flammable and non-toxic, cheap and availability of raw materials, most importantly, high adhesion to substrates of different chemical nature. Also, sodium liquid glass binder, which is considered the most produced product of inorganic synthesis, a component of synthetic detergents, as a material for the production of coatings, is involved in the synthesis of various compositions, as well as silica-containing substances such as silica gel, white soot and zeolites. [9,10]. Although liquid glass has a wide range of applications, its main drawback is the inability to solidify and the water resistance of composite materials based on it. Solving these problems allows liquid glass to be used as a partial substitute for widely used bonding material such as Portland cement, the production of which requires a lot of energy and material, is not environmentally friendly, and requires large capital costs [1].

Liquid glass is modified by adding certain components to adjust its properties. In addition, in addition to modification, liquid glass can be dried in two other ways - at normal temperature and at a temperature above 100 °C [11]. Modifying a liquid bottle allows you to significantly change its basic properties, basically attach a new binder and the change happens. According to the authors [12-14], all additives used to modify liquid glass can be divided into six types: acidic, precipitating, salting, hydrophilic, cross-linking and organic modifiers. Acid additives reduce the basicity of the system and promote the formation of polysilicate ions, thereby increasing the modulus of liquid glass. Their advantage is that, in addition to binding alkali, during decomposition, they release silicic acid, which significantly compresses the hardening system.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Of all the inorganic modifiers, organic modifiers have their advantage. They dramatically increase the adhesion of liquid glass. However, the main drawback is the coagulation of organic modifiers in the alkaline environment of liquid glass. To solve this problem is to introduce a selected emulsifier into the system.

Aqueous solutions of oligourethanes were used as organic modifiers. To obtain an organic modifier, 50 g of urea was heated to 125 °C in a flask, 24 g of ethylene glycol was added, and the temperature was lowered to 65 °C while stirring, and after stirring for 10 minutes, it was raised again at 140 °C for 80 minutes. To methylate the resulting mass, 25 g of urea, 10 ml of 0.5 N sodium hydroxide and 170 g of 30% formaldehyde were mixed and added using a dropper funnel and kept for another 80 minutes. The experience can be summarized as follows.

Formed diurethane reacts with formaldehyde to form an oligomer by the following reaction equation.

Studies were conducted by adding the synthesized oligomer to liquid glass as an organic modifier. A 10% solution of liquid glass with a silicate modulus of 2.2 was selected.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In relation to liquid glass, the modifier was added in different concentrations, and the adhesion in the dry state was determined in the adhesiomer of the brand AMTs2-20 (Table 1).

Table 1

Change in adhesion of liquid glass depending on the amount of modifier

As can be seen from the results of  Table 1, adhesion increases with the amount of modifier up to 8%, and decreases when it exceeds 8%. This indicates that it is connected with polysilicic acid when adding a small amount of emulsifier, and when the amount of modifier is increased, the amount of emulsifier is insufficient and it cannot unite due to its small volume coagulation.

CONCLUSION

As the silicate modulus of the liquid glass changes, the silicate ion binding pattern with the metal changes. In this article, it was found that even polysilicate bonds are formed. As the silicate modulus of liquid glass increased from 0.5 to 1, the relative molecular mass increased. As a result, it was found that the adhesion of modified silicate increases. If the silicate module increases, neutral polysilicic acid residues begin to form. Initially, as the chain grows, the molecule begins to move into three dimensions, and as a result of doubling in three dimensions, it acquires a spatial shape. The obtained results showed that the adhesion of the product increased when the amount of modifier increased up to 8%. When its amount exceeds 8%, it is observed to decrease. This means that when the amount of emulsifier is increased too much, the modification process slows down.

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