PRINCIPLES OF MAKING PILES FROM ELASTIC MATERIAL WHEN CLEANING COTTON FROM SMALL IMPURITIES

АННОТАЦИЯ

В данной статье представлен анализ воздействия устройств очистки мелких примесей, используемых в хлопкоочистительных машинах, и предложенной конструкции ворсового оборудования новой конструкции на хлопок и исследование движения хлопка в нем.

ABSTRACT

In this article, analysis of the effects of small impurity cleaning devices and the proposed new design pile equipment on cotton and the study of cotton movement in cotton gins are presented.

Ключевые слова: Хлопка сыра, мелкий сор, корткий волокна, очистит, пух, колок, барабан, питательный, песочное площадь.

Keywords: Cotton, small impurities, short fiber, cleaning, fluff, stick, drum, feeder, mesh surface.

Introduction. Scientific researchers of Jizzakh Polytechnic Institute and Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology and regional departments of “Paxtasanoat ilmiy markazi” have studied the influence of construction and other elements of equipment for cleaning cotton from small impurities in many scientific works. Also, scientific research works were carried out on the speed of the elastic pile-plate drum, the movement of cotton raw material on the mesh surface, the location of the holes on the mesh surface, the dependence on the direction of movement, and the quantitative indicators of the release of dirty compounds from it. increased. The researchers made changes to the working elements of the equipment that separates small impurities from the cotton raw material and based on its dimensions [1].

It has been studied by many scientists that the production of drum piles from elastic material has a positive effect on the separation of small impurities from the cotton, and on their movement along the mesh surface [2].

According to the American scientists, who are the leaders in the cultivation of cotton raw materials, if the cotton is re-cleaned three times, the staple length of the fiber is reduced by 0.25 mm, the amount of short fibers increases from 7.1% to 9.8%, the amount of long fibers was studied to decrease from 60.4% to 52.2% [3].

Small defects in machine-spun cotton were 3.2%, and its cleaning rate increased by 18% after one minute, and by 25% after two minutes. The higher the moisture in the cotton, the lower the degree of purification of the cotton. If the moisture content of the cotton is 11%, the degree of purification after 3 minutes of cleaning is 52.7%, and at 14.5% moisture, the degree of purification is 25.9%. If the moisture content of cotton increases by 3.4%, then the level of cleaning of cotton is reduced by two times [4].

At present, we can see that the regulatory indicators of the cotton cleaning process are performed at a high level in each equipment, due to some shortcomings of the cleaning equipment from small impurities, its cleaning effect is low, and the level of fiber and seed damage has increased. In turn, piles and their location have a great influence on the cleaning efficiency of the equipment, fiber quality indicators and work productivity [5].

Experimental method. The use of piles made of elastic material in the drum for cleaning cotton from small impurities leads to a sharp reduction of the above-mentioned defects due to cotton cleaning in a soft mode and reduction of fiber damage. In this case, the negative impact of piles made of elastic material on raw cotton is reduced [6].

In the industry, rubbers are selected based on their hardness and abrasion resistance. Table 1 shows the properties of rubbers, and piles must be able to withstand factors in various conditions for their reliable operation. To ensure this, the rubbers were prepared in a press machine at a temperature of 145º-150º for 45 minutes under a pressure of 100 atmospheres during the process of vulcanization [7].

Table 1.

Technological characteristics of the selected rubber

In the process of cleaning cotton from small impurities, taking into account the fact that the level of damage to cotton pieces in the cotton stream is becoming high, we put forward the hypothesis that the improvement of pile drum piles made of elastic material will prevent damage to cotton, and the cleaning process by impacting cotton pieces with elastic piles we learn theoretically. In the process of cleaning cotton, it is carried out with the help of piles made of elastic material (Fig. 1) installed on the drum [8].

Figure 1. Suggested elastic pile cleaner

1. Drum with elastic piles and plates, 2. Elastic piles, 3. Mesh surface, 4. Cotton piece.

R- the effect of the elastic pile on cotton;

G- centrifugal force;

F_tr- friction force;

α- bending of the elastic pile;

Analysis and results. After the cotton with the initial mass M₀ coming to the cotton cleaning process moves on the mesh surface, its mass M₁ due to the separation of the particles should be equal to the mass M₂ of the impurities. We analyze the movement of cotton in the Deckard coordinate system, taking the point 0 [9].

Figure 2. The movement of cotton on the mesh surface under the influence of elastic piles

On a cotton mesh surface,  moves along an arc. We take the equation of the curve AB as  in the polar coordinate system [10]. Choosing the movement of the cotton mesh surface from the point , it leaves the face at the point

Let AB be at the point  of the arc at time ,,  and be at a distance S from point A: we consider the mass of a piece of cotton as an invariable material point and use the equation of S.M.Targ to determine its equation of motion and its normal expression on the line AB [11].

                                       (1)

We define the normal force as follows.

here  - centrifugal force;

 – gravity.

The angle formed by the test made from point E along the OX axis

We know that if we use the equation , we get the following expression

In equation (1),  is the sum of the forces acting on the piece of cotton. The projection of the force of gravity, the Coulomb force, and the impact force, which causes the oscillating motion, act on the piece of cotton in the direction of the test [12]. Cotton partially dampens the force of impact.

here: - force of an elastic pile on a piece of cotton,

- the force of viscosity between a piece of cotton,

 f – coefficient of friction.

f₀ – coefficient of friction between the mesh surface and the particle

S₀ –  mesh surface  linear velocity of elastic piles.

 – coefficient of elasticity and viscosity.

N- normal compressive strength.

Taking into account the above expressions, equations (1) look like this.

(2)

Let's look at the differential relationship between this equation and the angle α, under the conditions of the equation (2), it forms a system for determining the polar angle α = α (t). This equation is integrated in the terms.

             (3)

Here  – is the speed of cotton. The cotton is located between the mesh surface and the elastic piles, and due to the effect of the elastic element, its movement is complex together with the mesh surface, and it has a positive movement in relation to them[13].

Conclusion. The offered elastic piles are bolted using rubber bushings instead of the piles in the pile-plate drums of the small dirt cleaning equipment. It is to preserve the natural properties of cotton while cleaning it from small impurities under the influence of a drum with an elastic pile. When we theoretically study the process of separation of various impurities of the drum made of elastic piles during cotton cleaning, at the rational value of its speed  and at the values of the uniformity coefficient of the elastic pile , the vibration process of the elastic piles reaches the greatest value and the cleaning process becomes large.

References:

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