CAR MAINTENANCE IN UZBEKISTAN

ABSTRACT

This article provides a general overview of the state of timely maintenance of road transport in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Periodic maintenance of the car to reduce the risk of emergencies is substantiated.

АННОТАЦИЯ

 В данной статье приводится общий обзор по состоянию своевременного технического обслуживания автомобильного транспорта в Республике Узбекистан. Обосновано периодическое техническое обслуживание автомобиля для снижения риска возникновения аварийных ситуаций.

Keywords: car, wear and tear, maintenance, fuel, production, energy saving.

Ключевые слова: автомобиль, износ, техническое обслуживание, топливо, производство, энергосбережение.

At the present time, when Uzbekistan is an integral part of the international community and the global financial and economic market, in order to modernize the national economy, technical and technological re-equipment of industries and production of products that meet the requirements of world standards, one of the urgent tasks is the training of personnel - specialists on the basis of new requirements and methods, teaching them modern knowledge.[1]

Automobile industry is the youngest industry created in our independent state. In an unprecedentedly short period of time, a uniquely equipped automobile production has been created and is successfully developing in our country. The new industry is now becoming a powerful locomotive for the development of the entire economy of Uzbekistan

Mechanical engineering is the leading branch of the whole industry, its "core". The products of machine-building enterprises play a decisive role in the realization of scientific and technological progress in all areas of the national economy. The quantitative and qualitative peculiarity of automobile rolling stock that has developed in the Republic of Uzbekistan requires the solution of a set of scientific problems on economic and social support of the development of the transport complex. Changes that are currently taking place in the macroeconomy, affect all aspects of society. As it is known the ecological safety of vehicles is the most important part of industrial ecology, which considers the impact of machinery on the environment, determined by thermal and vibroacoustic impact on the environment. It is also necessary to consider the technogenic impact on the environment of the process of creating a car, which is characterized by the volume of emissions of harmful substances, oxygen consumption and energy consumption to obtain structural and operational materials.

Recently, the Republic has been continuously developing the service industry. As a result of development and improvement in the structure of the service market, new promising types of services have appeared - bank, finance, insurance, information communication and others. The sharp increase in the use of complex household appliances, computers and cars by the population has led to an increase in their service areas. [6].

"Service" in translation from the English word "SERVICE" means service, rendering of service. Modern car service in many countries of the world has a widely branched and well-established network of enterprises, both for servicing cars, and for trade in spare parts and materials for them, as well as their storage. [3].

Therefore, correctly selected and observed periodicity and lists of service operations are one of the main mechanisms of influence of engineering and technical staff of service enterprises on the level of serviceability of vehicles, as well as on fuel consumption, environmental pollution and resources of vehicles and units.

A car, even in good condition, is a source of increased danger, and driving it requires a certain level of knowledge and skills. Periodic maintenance of the vehicle is necessary to ensure stable operation of all its units and assemblies, and also contributes to extending its service life.

Driving a technically sound vehicle will not only reduce the risk of accidents, but will also save the driver from being fined or having the car towed by traffic patrol officers.

Even a new car requires close attention of the driver - the slightest malfunction can provoke an accident or cause a more serious problem that will take a lot of time and money to fix. [3].

A new car purchased in a car dealership is under warranty service at the dealer, and the car owner is obliged to visit the service at a certain mileage or after a period of time set by the manufacturer. Failure to fulfill this condition entails loss of warranty, and in case of detection of factory defects it will be necessary to eliminate them at your own expense, which is often much more expensive compared to the funds spent on maintenance.

Owners of old cars, deprived of warranty, also should not neglect periodic visits to the service station - a timely detected malfunction in the future will help to avoid significant repair costs. Failure to perform repair and preventive maintenance can cause many problems.

For example, untimely engine oil change leads to engine failure. Over time, the engine oil loses its lubricating properties, and as a result, the cylinder-piston group suffers. Compression and oil rings due to insufficient lubrication begin to rub against the cylinder walls, in parallel destroying the perfectly smooth coating of the walls themselves. This leads to increased oil consumption, soot on the pistons and valves, reduced engine thrust and unstable operation. Increased oil consumption may cause insufficient oil level in the engine, leading to piston jamming or connecting rod breakage [4, 2].

As a result, the engine cannot be restored, although the cost of timely engine oil change is not even a tenth of the cost of a new engine. Each manufacturer personally establishes the frequency of oil change, usually it is 8-10 thousand kilometers of mileage.

Modern cars have many indicators that tell the driver of various faults, including low washer fluid levels, a non-functioning headlight bulb, or worn pads. This helps minimize the daily maintenance of the car - often it consists of washing or wiping the windows and headlights. But it is still worth paying enough attention to the vehicle a couple of times a week and checking the technical condition of all its systems [4].

Numerous researches show that up to 70-80 % of machine failures occur due to wear of friction units. In our country a lot of money is spent annually on repair of machines and equipment, a great number of spare parts are produced, a large park of machine-tool equipment works for repair, more and more people are involved in the sphere of repair and maintenance of machines.

Operation of machinery in the climatic conditions of the Central Asian republics, characterised by an abundance of light and heat, strong winds and dust storms, low air humidity and high plus temperature, leads to a sharp - 1.5-2 times compared to the zone of temperate climate - decrease in the efficiency of machines and mechanisms. 

In the hot climate zone, machines operate at high temperatures, intense solar radiation, dust storms, low relative air humidity and high dust content. In dusty air the size of dust particles varies widely - from <0,005 to 0,6 mm and more, dust contains up to 80-95% of quartz and oxides of aluminium, calcium, iron. Service life of machines in such conditions is sharply reduced, intensity of wear of parts increases 2-10 times, and -~80% of them are out of service due to abrasive wear. [2].

High wear resistance of fast wearing parts is the key to ensuring reliability and durability of machines.

References:

1. Diagnostics and maintenance of machines / A.D. Ananyin, V.M. Mikhlin, I.I. Gabitov et al. - Moscow: Prospect, 2008. - 440 p., ill.
2. Ishmuratov  H.K, Mirzaev N.N, Abdullaeva B and Mamasalieva M.I. Energy analysis of wear sliding friction units  2023 E3S Web of Conferences  383 04019
3. Kleiner B.S. Technical maintenance and repair of automobiles. -M.: Transport, 1986. - 289 с.
4. M. Kazopoulo, I. Kaysi, M. El Fadel. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. (2007) A stated-preference approach towards assessing a vehicle inspection and maintenance programme pp. 55-61
5. Mamasalieva M.I. State and prospects of rational use and reduction of losses of fuel and lubricants of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Moscow. Assembling in mechanical engineering and instrument making. Vol. 21 3(236) 2020 pp 141-145
6. Mamasalieva M. I. State of fuel and energy resources and their rational use in the agro-industrial sector of the Republic of Uzbekistan 2023 E3S Web of Conferences 401  03052