TECHNOLOGY OF SEPARATION OF NICKEL FROM WASTE SOLUTIONS OF THE CUPOROS PLANT BY FLOTATION METHOD

ABSTRACT

Currently, extraction of metals from sulfuric acid solutions of copper production is one of the urgent problems. Accordingly, at the first stage of the research, the direction of research, the possibilities of extracting metals from solutions by ion flotation and extraction were determined, and mother liquors of the vitriol workshop were selected. The chemical composition of the mother liquor of the vitriol plant was determined as a result of the research, the use of naphthenic acid in ion flotation and the dependence of the duration of flotation on the extraction of metal, as well as the methodology of its extraction, were drawn up. The necessary reagents were selected, and in the second stage of the study, the dependence of nickel extraction from mother fluids on various parameters was determined according to the experimental results. The influence of the pH value of the solution on the quality of sediment, the amount of collector concentration and the duration of extraction was studied, and taking into account all the parameters, a column-type apparatus was selected for the extraction process. In addition, the optimal conditions for the flotation process were considered. was issued and selected accordingly

АННОТАЦИЯ

В настоящее время извлечение металлов из сернокислых растворов медного производства является одной из актуальных проблем. Соответственно, на первом этапе исследований были определены направление исследований, возможности извлечения металлов из растворов методами ионной флотации и экстракции, а также выбраны маточные растворы купоросного цеха. В результате исследований использования нафтеновой кислоты при ионной флотации и зависимости продолжительности флотации от извлечения металла, а также методики его извлечения определен химический состав маточного раствора купоросного завода. , были составлены. Были подобраны необходимые реагенты и на втором этапе исследования по результатам экспериментов определена зависимость экстракции никеля из маточных жидкостей от различных параметров. Изучено влияние значения рН раствора на качество осадка, величину концентрации собирателя и продолжительность экстракции и с учетом всех параметров выбран аппарат колонного типа для процесса экстракции. были рассмотрены оптимальные условия процесса флотации.

Keywords: sulfur, nickel, naphthene, acid, alkali, flotation, technology, pyrometallurgy, enrichment.

Ключевые слова: сера, никель, нафтены, кислота, щелочь, флотация, технология, пирометаллургия, обогащение.

Introduction. Nickel plays an important role in the development of key areas of modern metallurgy and has many excellent properties such as corrosion resistance, magnetism, stability and high temperature resistance. Today, about 60% of nickel is mined from nickel sulfide ore, but in recent years, high-grade nickel sulfide ore has been gradually depleted due to overexploitation, and the accompanying presence of low-grade and other metals, which are difficult to process, is the main source of nickel. became a raw material. When this ore is processed by traditional pyrometallurgical smelting process, sulfuric acid washing or ammonia washing at high pressure, nickel and copper, high concentration of nickel and copper in the flotation process, large amount of nickel is released into the waste. ) will give people. In the process of converting low-grade nickel mat to high-grade nickel mat, it leads to low recovery of precious metals and low economic benefit of the whole process. Our goals and objectives are to choose the optimal conditions for the extraction of nickel from the vitriol plant waste solutions by flotation, to study the parameters, to study the effect of various reagents.[1] 

Study of dependence of extraction of metal ions on duration of flotation

We also investigated the effect of flotation duration on metal extraction. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the optimal flotation duration. As a result of the experiments, the optimal flotation time was determined as 2, 4, 6, 8 minutes. The results of the study are shown in figure 1.

Figure. 1. Dependence of the level of metal extraction on the duration of flotation. Experimental conditions: pH-2-6, collector consumption stoichiometric 100%, T-80 consumption - 3.0 g/m3

The data show (fig. 1) that with a flotation duration of 4-5 minutes, almost 100% is recovered: about 90% copper, 80% zinc, 60% iron. The flotation kinetics of hydrophobic sediments is described by an equation similar to the first-order chemical reaction kinetics equation. In this case, the constant K shows the speed of the flotation process and generally characterizes the flotation properties of the extracted material, the reactive mode of the process and the design of the apparatus. High rates of flotation of metal ions indicate the chemical nature of their interaction with collector naphthenic acid. The maximum flotation separation of metal ions occurs at 20-25⁰C. As the temperature increases further, the efficiency of the process decreases due to the increase in the solubility of the sublate. [2] 

Study on the separation of nickel from copper by ion flotation using sodium DEDTC.

DEDTK is sodium diethyldithiocarbamic acid and has the following structural formula:

To date, the theory of sequential reactions of the decomposition of sodium DEDTC in an acidic environment has received experimental confirmation. In the first step, the anion

(C₂H₅)₂NC(S)S^-+H⁺= (C₂H₅)₂NC(S)SH

In the second, it goes much slower. monobasic diethyldithiocarbamic acid decomposes to form the corresponding secondary amine and carbon disulfide.[3]

(C₂H₅)₂NC(S)SH^-+ H⁺=(C₂H₅)₂NH₂+CS₂

The ability to use sodium DEDTC to bind metal ions in acidic aqueous solutions is determined not by the rate of decomposition of the reactant, but by the tendency of a given metal to form strong compounds with a given reactant. The interaction of metals with sodium DEDTC occurs as a result of the following reaction:

Ni⁺²+ 2(C₂H₅)₂NC(S)SNa = [(C₂H₅)₂NC(S)S]₂Ni⁺² + 2Na⁺

Cu⁺² + 2(C₂H₅)₂NC(S)SNa = [(C₂H₅)₂NC(S)S]₂Cu + 2Na⁺

Zn⁺² + 2(C₂H₅)₂NC(S)SNa = [(C₂H₅)₂NC(S)S]₂Zn + 2Na⁺

Fe⁺² + 2(C₂H₅)₂NC(S)SNa = [(C₂H₅)₂NC(S)S]₂Fe + 2Na⁺

To determine the optimal flow rate of the collector, stools were taken from the stoichiometric amount at different flow rates of the collector. Experimental results are presented in the table.

It was found that with the increase in the concentration of the collector, an increase in the level of metal extraction is observed at low pH values. Studies have shown that the method is effective for metals at an initial concentration of 50 g/l sodium DEDTC in a wide range of pH values. [4] 

Experiments on the effective separation of nickel from copper solutions show that the use of sodium DEDTC did not give positive results due to the ability of sodium DEDTC to form a complex with copper and nickel; this is confirmed by qualitative analysis of the resulting ion flotation. obtaining solutions of products and ionic flotation concentrates (fig. 2). 1.[5] 

Table 1.

Ph values ​​at which almost 100% recovery of metals was achieved in the sedimentation of complexes compatible with DEDTC

Figure 2. Qualitative analysis spectra of solution after ion flotation using sodium DEDTC

Figure 3. Spectral Analysis of Waste Solution Ion Flotation Enrichment Using Sodium DEDTC

Table 2.

Results of ionic flotation of MPZ liquids in the presence of sodium DEDTC under experimental conditions

Experiments on the effective separation of nickel from copper solutions show that the use of sodium DEDTC did not give positive results due to the ability of sodium DEDTC to form complexes with copper and nickel. These results indicate a qualitative analysis of the obtained ion flotation.

References:

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2. Кузькин С.Ф., Гольман А.М. Простейшая модель процесса флотоэкстракции. Тр. Vнаучн.-техн. Сессии ин-та Механобр, т. I. Л. 1967, стр. 800-814 .
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