EFFECTIVE APPROACH TO THE PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS AND SYNTHETIC HORSE MANURE

ABSTRACT

This paper proposes a novel method for processing organic waste into biogas and organic fertilizer. The method involves direct processing without intermediate storage, resulting in increased biogas yield and production of "synthetic rotted horse manure," a valuable fertilizer with no harmful elements. The key steps include crushing organic waste, mixing it with manure and crushed straw/beer pellets, seeding with methanogenic microorganisms, and sequentially pumping the mixture through a heat generator-destructor, bioreactor with screw mixing, and methane tank. The processed biomass is then extracted as organic fertilizer. This method offers an efficient and environmentally friendly solution for waste management and resource recovery.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В данной работе предлагается новый метод переработки органических отходов в биогаз и органическое удобрение. Метод предполагает прямую переработку без промежуточного хранения, что приводит к увеличению выхода биогаза и получению «синтетического перепревшего конского навоза» - ценного удобрения без вредных элементов. Ключевые этапы включают измельчение органических отходов, смешивание их с навозом и измельченной соломой/пивными гранулами, засев метаногенными микроорганизмами и последовательную перекачку смеси через теплогенератор-деструктор, биореактор с шнековой мешалкой и метановый бак. Затем переработанная биомасса извлекается в качестве органического удобрения. Этот метод предлагает эффективное и экологически чистое решение для управления отходами и восстановления ресурсов.

Keywords: biogas, anaerobic digestion, waste recycling, manure processing, fertilizer production, synthetic rotted horse manure.

Ключевые слова: биогаз, анаэробное сбраживание, переработка отходов, переработка навоза, производство удобрений, синтетический перепревший конский навоз.

The literature provides information on the theory and practice of biogas, the design of manure disposal systems, technologies for producing biogas, used in the development of the described method for producing biogas and fertilizers [6-10]. Analysis of recent studies and publications that examined aspects of this problem and on which the authors base themselves; highlighting previously unresolved parts of the general problem. Of the known methods [1, 2], the closest technical solution is the "Method for obtaining biogas and fertilizers from organic waste" [3], which is selected as a prototype.

The existing method for biogas and fertilizer production involves several drawbacks, such as land requirement for waste storage, complex gas drainage systems, and re-sorting of stored waste. Additionally, incompletely processed waste may harm the soil and reduce crop yields. This research aims to develop a new method that eliminates these drawbacks by processing organic waste directly without intermediate storage, increasing biogas yield, and producing "synthetic rotted horse manure" as an environmentally safe and valuable fertilizer.

The proposed method for producing biogas and fertilizers in the form of synthetic "rotted horse manure" is carried out using a biogas production plant and a specially designed straw shredder [4]. The method is carried out in the following sequence. Biomass (waste, manure, crushed straw) is fed into the loading hopper (1) (Fig. 1), moistened and mixed. Not only the efficiency, but also the ability of the biogas plant to operate depends on the quality of the substrate preparation.

Figure 1. Biogas and fertilizer production plant.

The biomass remaining after biogas production, processed by anaerobic microorganisms (yield coefficient -0.9) is used as an organic fertilizer. For the normal course of fermentation, a slightly alkaline reaction of the medium is necessary (pH = 6,7–7,6).  The decomposition of organic matter into individual components and transformation into methane can take place only in a humid environment, since bacteria can process things only in dissolved form. In this regard, fermentation of solid substrates should occur with the addition of water.

Up to 5 tons of synthetic "rotted horse manure" can be obtained from 1 ton of chicken manure (or any kind of manure with the addition of crushed straw)[11]. This product can be used without any risk to the environment to fertilize fields for various crops: fruit and berry, grain, vegetable (for example cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers, etc.) and fodder. From the loading hopper (1), the crushed biomass is pumped by a centrifugal pump (4) through a hydrodynamic heat generator-destructor (6) [5], which allows creating a cavitation effect in its cavity, the destructive force of which destroys elements dangerous to the environment and gives the raw material a homogeneous and homogeneous consistency, into a reservoir (8), from which it is delivered by gravity to a bioreactor (10), where the mass is evenly mixed by means of an auger, as well as its movement into a methane tank (11). The biogas plant has a capacity (12) for biomass processed by microorganisms, which is used as fertilizer, and is also equipped with a flow meter (2), a three-way crane (3), a pressure gauge (5) and a measuring kit (7). A shredder is used to obtain a straw section with a size up to 25 mm. When applying 10 tons of synthetic "rotted horse manure" per 1 hectare, it is possible to practically abandon the use of mineral fertilizers, since with the specified rate of application of "organic matter" up to 70 kg of nitrogen, 50 kg of phosphorus and 100 kg of potassium (according to the active substance) will be introduced into the arable soil layer [12]. If  30-60 tons of compost per hectare is added, then the need for mineral fertilizers will completely disappear. The use of increased rates of application of synthetic "rotted horse manure" (from 100 to 500 t/ha) will effectively reclaim all wastelands, waste, degraded and washed away lands that have been eliminated from agricultural circulation for one reason or another.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the method of obtaining biogas and fertilizers in the form of synthetic "rotted horse manure" includes crushing organic waste, loading them into a hopper with any type of manure and crushed straw, sowing with methanogenic microorganisms, humidification, mixing and pumping into the reservoir of the mixture (substrate) through a hydrodynamic heat generator-a destructor, under the influence of directed and controlled cavitation, in which complex bonds of organic matter fibers at the molecular level are broken in biological raw materials. As a result of this process, the dispersion of biological raw materials increases significantly, and its particles decrease in size.

The use of the described technical solution will allow to obtain the following results:

• Improved biogas production via increased surface area for bacteria due to efficient biomass destruction.
• Biogas release occurs once the processed biomass is transferred to the methane tank.
• Environmentally harmful elements are eliminated during processing.
• The process eliminates the need for land storage, complex gas drainage, and waste resorting.
• Biogas yield is increased by mixing crushed straw with the waste.
• Recycled organic waste is used as fertilizer.
• The process minimizes environmental impact.

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