COMMODS RESEARCH AND CLASSIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS OF FURNITURE PRODUCTS

ABSTRACT

This article provides information on the classification of furniture and structural materials for the manufacture of furniture in accordance with generally accepted classification criteria, and also provides their classification according to the product nomenclature of foreign economic activity of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В данной статье предоставлены сведения о классификации мебели и конструктивных материалов для изготовления мебели в соответствии с общепринятыми классификационными признаками, также приведена их классификация по товарной номенклатуре внешнеэкономической деятельности Республике Узбекистан.

Keywords: classification, furniture, particle board, MDF, HDF, product code, commodity nomenclature.

Ключевые слова: классификация, мебель, ДСП, МДФ, ХДФ, товарный код, товарная номенклатура.

Introduction

A significant increase in furniture production is accompanied by the introduction of more advanced production technology and the use of new materials. These factors, in turn, led to some changes in its design: a significant amount of universal-prefabricated, built-in, transformable furniture is being produced, which is especially important for furnishing small rooms. In recent years, the light industry has begun to produce artistic furniture. Along with products that are simple in form, furniture of increased comfort and aesthetics is produced, using improved facial fittings and artistic decoration elements. Along with the growth in the production of furniture, special attention is paid to its convenience and hygiene.

In recent years, as a result of technical re-equipment in the furniture industry, reconstruction of existing enterprises and construction of new ones have been carried out. Particular attention is paid to optimizing the range of furniture based on the real needs of the market, releasing various styles and options, which allows you to complete and update furniture every 4-5 years [1].

In recent years, regulatory documents (ISO, TR, GOSTs, O'zDSt, Ts) have been developed on certain design issues, standard sizes, quality indicators and evaluation of furniture. Work is underway to create a unified system of standard designs, sizes, components and parts of furniture, modes of its production, equipment, tools and technical control means. The main structural elements, parts and components, functional dimensions of furniture are subject to GOST “Household Furniture”, “Domestic Furniture for Sitting and Lying”, “Furniture Fittings”, “Methods for Testing the Reliability of Soft Elements”, etc.

The purpose of the study is to consider the classification characteristics of furniture products and structural materials for the manufacture of furniture in accordance with the product nomenclature of foreign economic activity of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Objects and methods of research. The objects of the study are the classification characteristics of furniture products and structural materials for the manufacture of furniture, as well as commodity position 4410, 4411, 9401, 9402, 9403 of the commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity of the Republic of Uzbekistan. To solve the problems, methods of system analysis were used, that is, a set of methods and techniques for studying complex objects - systems that are a complex set of interacting elements. The essence of system analysis is to identify connections between system elements and establish their influence on the behavior of the system as a whole.

Research results

Furniture is classified according to purpose, type of source material, operational and functional characteristics, completeness, nature and method of production, amount of deformation of the soft element, as well as structural and technological characteristics of products

According to purpose, furniture is divided into household furniture (for residential premises), for public buildings (the shape and design are determined by the specifics of functional processes and the nature of the activities of institutions) and children’s furniture (the shape, size and design are determined taking into account the age and height characteristics of children.

Based on the type of source material, furniture is distinguished from wood materials, from polymer materials, from metal and combined.

Based on operational characteristics, furniture is divided into household furniture (for residential premises), office furniture, club and theater furniture, for catering establishments, cultural parks, holiday homes, etc. Each type of furniture is characterized by certain sizes, finishes and other characteristics. Household furniture is divided according to the types of premises for which it is intended for living rooms; furniture for a living room, bedroom, office, kitchen; for the front, bathroom and terrace, for various rooms.

Based on functionality, furniture is divided into the following groups: for sitting (stools, chairs, armchairs, etc.); lying (sofas, armchairs, couches, beds, sofa beds, chair beds, sofas, etc.), working (desks, kitchen tables, etc.), storing clothes, dishes, books and other items (bookcases, sideboards , chests of drawers, etc.); furniture stands (coffee tables, chess tables, bedside tables for TVs, radios, etc.); furniture for other needs, etc.

Based on completeness, furniture is divided into piece furniture (individual items) and complete furniture (sets for one-, two- and three-room apartments and furniture for the bedroom, dining room, office, etc.) [2].

All items included in the kit must have a single architectural and compositional solution, i.e. must be made of homogeneous types of wood, with finishing of the same type and the same category. Completeness also includes universally prefabricated furniture, which is made from standardized panels or volumetric elements for various purposes by combining them in width and height.

According to the nature of production, furniture is divided into experimental, mass-produced and mass-produced; according to the method of production: carpentry, bent (using bent-glued elements), wicker and pressed, molded, stamped and cast metal and plastics).

Based on the presence of a soft element and the amount of its deformation and compliance under load, which depends on the type of base, elastic part and soft flooring, furniture is divided into hard and soft. Hard furniture includes furniture with elements without flooring or with flooring up to 10 mm thick. The softness category is determined depending on the purpose of the furniture. For example, furniture of the first category of softness is intended for long-term rest in a lying position, the second and third for short-term rest in a lying position and for rest in a sitting position.

According to design and technological criteria, furniture is divided into built-in, mobile, transformable, universally prefabricated, timber, cabinet, collapsible, non-dismountable, folding, sectional, shelving, combined, etc..[3].

The main material of modern furniture production is various types of wood panels. These are wood materials - structural, insulating and ornamental materials obtained by processing natural wood with binders, gluing, etc. Depending on the manufacturing method, wood materials are divided into pressed, impregnated, laminated laminated wood, wood plastics and wood boards (Table 1).

Table 1.

Data

Furniture in the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity of the Republic of Uzbekistan is classified in group 94. In this group, the term “furniture” means any “movable” products (with the exception of those included in more specific headings of the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity), the main characteristic feature of which is that they are designed to be placed on the floor or on land and which are used mainly for utilitarian purposes, for the interior of private houses, hotels, theaters, cinemas, offices, churches, schools, cafes, restaurants, laboratories, hospitals, dental offices, etc., as well as for the interiors of ships , aircraft, railway carriages, motor vehicles, caravans or similar vehicles. It should be noted that in this group goods are considered to be "movable" furniture, even if they are intended to be screwed on, etc. to the floor, for example, chairs installed on ships. Similar products (armchairs, stools, etc.) for placement in gardens, squares, public places, etc. also fall into this category.

This group does not include mirrors, furniture made using precious metals or stones, air mattresses, pillows, including sofa pillows, chairs with built-in equipment (in dentistry), furniture and lighting equipment intended for games. This group does not include other items fixed to the wall, such as hangers for coats, hats and the like, hangers for keys and clothes brushes, shelves for newspapers, interior parts such as panels for heating radiators, as well as the following types of goods, not intended to be placed on the floor: small items of fine carpentry, small furnishings made of wood, and office supplies (e.g. sorting trays, paper trays) made of plastics or base metals [4].

Group 94 of the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity includes the following commodity items:

1. All furniture and parts thereof (headings 9401 - 9403).

2. Mattress bases, mattresses and other bedding or similar furnishings, with springs, stuffed with any materials or consisting of cellular rubber or plastics, whether or not covered (heading 94.04).

3. Lamps, lighting equipment and parts thereof, not elsewhere specified or included, of any material, illuminated signs, illuminated name or title or address signs and similar articles having a built-in light source, and parts thereof, elsewhere not specified or included (heading 94.05).

4. Prefabricated building structures (commodity item 9406), in accordance with the Explanations to the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity of the Republic of Uzbekistan, are buildings completely manufactured at an enterprise or supplied as a set of elements presented together, assembled on site, for example: residential or industrial premises, offices, schools, shops, sheds, garages or similar structures (Table 2).

Table 2.

Data

It should be noted that in merchandising, lamps, chandeliers, etc. Lighting equipment is not included in the range of furniture at all. In fact, only furniture for sitting (lying) in domestic or other conditions is called furniture. Also in commodity science, shower cabins and bathtubs are classified as furniture; in customs affairs, these goods are classified as completely different product items.

Subheadings of the heading “All furniture and parts thereof” are seating furniture and parts thereof, medical, dental, veterinary furniture, hairdressing chairs and parts thereof, and other [5].

The subheading of seating furniture represents a variety of furniture according to the places of its use: motor boats, air transport, transformable into beds, rotating, wicker, with wooden and metal frames and parts thereof. Furniture with different frame materials has a subposition; it can be upholstered or not (other).

The subheading of various medical chairs divides it into dental, hairdressing or similar chairs and parts for them (the subheading only covers dental chairs and parts thereof) and other furniture. A distinctive feature of this furniture is its functional features. Hairdressing chairs of commodity item 9402 of the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity must be capable of rotation and, at the same time, lifting and tilting. However, the functionality of modern hairdressing chairs is not limited to the ability to rotate, lift and tilt. They may also have specially shaped movable headrests, footrests, armrests, transformation mechanisms, foot pedals for adjusting seat height, etc. Seating furniture intended for waiting customers is classified in heading 9401 of the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity.

The subheading of other furniture of the subheading of all furniture divides it according to functionality (institutional, kitchen, bedroom, residential and shop) and material (metal, wood, plastic, wicker, bamboo, etc.). The subheading of office furniture includes drafting tables and other furniture with a height criterion of 80 cm. Also, the subheading of this subheading includes those intended for civil aviation and sectionalization for kitchen furniture.

The subposition of mattresses divides them into mattress bases, mattresses themselves, sleeping bags and others (down, feather). Mattresses can be made of porous rubber or plastic, coated or uncoated, and other materials (sub-position - spring).

The lighting equipment subheading includes chandeliers, etc. for lighting public places, electric table, floor or bedside lamps, light bulbs for decorating Christmas trees, non-electric lamps, illuminated signs and their parts (glass, plastic and others).

Prefabricated building contracts are detailed in the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity according to the material of manufacture - wood, ferrous metals with the subitem greenhouse, etc.

Thus, the main classification features of furniture according to the Commodity Code of Foreign Economic Activity of the Republic of Uzbekistan are functional purpose, material of manufacture, place and intended use, purpose of use, size (height), sectionalization of the kitchen and transformation of chairs.

References:

1. S. .N. Devetaeva I.I. Gorbachev. Examination of furniture quality Training manual. Saransk “Print-izdat” 2014. – p.72
2. R.A.Bandurin. Features of commodity examination of furniture goods in customs affairs. Scientific journal “Economics. Sociology. Right" 2017, №2(6)
3. D.M.Khodzhikariev, M.G.Khamrakulov, Z.S.Saifullaeva, Kh.Khamrakulov. Prospects for the development of a competitive furniture industry in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Materials of the X International Scientific and Practical Conference “Problems and Prospects of the Chemistry of Commodities and Traditional Medicine.” Andijan, 2023, p.121-122
4. Commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity of the Republic of Uzbekistan (2022 version)
5. Khodzhikariev D.M., Khamrakulov M.G. Classification of furniture assortment for customs purposes. Collection of proceedings of the international conference “International innovative approaches in education, prospects and current problems of development of joint education” Tashkent 2023. p. 266-267