RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF AN IMPROVED OIL EXTRACTION MACHINE FOR OBTAINING HIGH-QUALITY VEGETABLE OIL

ABSTRACT

The article presents a method for determining the indicators of wear resulting from friction arising during the movement of a fifth-class rotary kinematic pair in various designs that differ from each other in the number of longitudinal grooves open in the inner cylinder of sliding bearings, which are the working bodies of technological machines and equipment, and their dimensions.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В статье приведена методика определения показателей износа, возникающего в результате трений, возникающих при движении роторной кинематической пары пятого класса в различных конструкциях, отличающихся друг от друга количеством продольных канавок, открытых во внутреннем цилиндре подшипников скольжения, являющихся рабочими органами технологических машин и оборудования, и их размерами.

Keywords: Kinematic pair, friction, wear, forpress, oil granulator, cylinder, screw shaft, lubricant.

Ключевые слова: кинематическая пара, трение, момент, расчетная схема, цапфа, цилиндр, прочность на сжатие, смазка.

It has been proven that all the mechanical energy used by drivers during the operation of technological machines and equipment is not used for useful work. About 33 percent of the energy consumed is spent on overcoming the friction between the working bodies during the process of technological machines [1].

The results of the research show that the bronze bushing, which forms a rotating kinematic pair with the screw shaft of the G-24 oil press machine for the production of vegetable oil, usually works from 1000 hours to 5000 hours at the most. As a result of this, it was found that there were disturbances in the technological process of oil extraction from seeds, and the oil suitable for consumption was added to the technical oil.

The most frequently repaired and out-of-service part of the technological machinery in the plant producing vegetable oil is the rotary kinematic pair located between the reducer and the worm shaft of the G-24 oil press. The results of the conducted analytical studies show that the frictional force increases as a result of the overloads created in the rotating kinematic pairs due to the frictional forces in the product (seed) pressing process and the sharp increase in the amount of the product due to the resistance forces acting on the screw shafts. As a result, the service life of rotating kinematic pairs is drastically reduced.

To ensure the reliable operation of the rotating kinematic pair, it is first of all important to correctly implement the designs of sliding bearings in technological machines. Therefore, it is one of the urgent issues to study the elementary reasons for the erosion of rubbing surfaces in short periods of time.

As a result of the uneven rotation of the shafts of the working body of technological machines, increased rotational vibrations occur, causing longitudinal and transverse vibrations in the rotary kinematic pair. This, in turn, causes an increase in harmful effects between the bushing and the shaft.

The following failures are more often observed in rotating kinematic pairs:

• uneven wear of the outer cylinder of the rotating kinematic pair and the formation of cracks;
• uneven wear under the influence of frictional forces formed between the inner and outer cylinders;
• due to the bending of kinematic pairs, the screw shaft moves away from the center of the feed chamber of the technological machine;
• increase in the amount of noise emitted by technological machines due to the uneven bending created between the cylinders of rotating kinematic pairs.

The recommended fifth-class rotating kinematic pair was introduced taking into account the operating modes of the G-24 forpress maslo granulator technological machine used for the production of vegetable oil. In order to compare the indicators of the degree of deflection of the cylinders of the proposed rotary kinematic pair in relation to the existing rotary kinematic pair, the values of the change in the amount of deflection and weight of its internal and external cylinders and the acceleration of the deflection were studied depending on the working time.

Initially, their weights were measured by the weighing method of determining the degree of curvature of the external cylinders that make up the existing and proposed rotary kinematic pair [2,3] (Fig. 1).

KERN PBS 620-3M laboratory scale with an accuracy of 0.001 g was used in laboratory conditions in order to ensure high measurement accuracy when measuring the weights of the outer cylinders, which are considered as members of the rotating kinematic pair.

Figure 1. The process of weighing the inner and outer cylinders that make up the existing and recommended rotary kinematic pair

Due to the fact that the number and sizes of the longitudinal grooves opened on the outer surfaces of the inner cylinder of the proposed fifth-class rotary kinematic pair structure differed from the existing structure, as well as the material of the outer cylinder (bushing), the mutual differences in the degree of bending of these inner and outer cylinders were studied [4].

During the studies, the edible surfaces of the kinematic pair are shown in Fig 2.

Figure 2. Circular kinematic pair construction:

1 - the absorption surface of the outer cylinder, 2 - the absorption surface of the inner cylinder,3 - longitudinal ditch with friction surface reducer and reserve oil storage

Researches carried out by the weighing method in determining the degree of bending were carried out in the laboratories of the "Production of building materials, products and constructions" and "Metrology and standardization" departments of the Namangan Institute of Engineering and Construction. The graphs obtained from the measurement results are detailed in Figure 3.

For experimental studies, after completing both measurement processes, the creep rate was determined using the following formula.

in this m_bosh – mass of the sample before the experiment; m_yakun – mass of the sample after the experiment; t – experience time.

Figure 3. The results of measuring the deflection indicators in the outer cylinder of the rotating kinematic pair by the weighing method

Based on the results of the conducted scientific and experimental research, it can be said that as a result of implementation of the proposed rotary kinematic pair construction, taking into account the kinematic and dynamic parameters, it has been confirmed that it is possible to achieve energy and resource efficiency of the rotary kinematic pair during operation.

References:

1. Djuraev A., Kеnjaboyеv S. S., Akbarov A. Development of Design and Calculation of Frictional Force in Rotational Kinematic Pair of the Fifth Class with Longitudinal Grooves //Development. – 2018. – Т. 5. – №. 9.
2. Кенжабоев Ш. Ш., Акбаров А. Н. ЎСИМЛИК МОЙИ ИШЛАБ ЧИҚАРИШ ПРЕССИДАГИ БЕШИНЧИ СИНФ АЙЛАНМА КИНЕМАТИК ЖУФТЛИГИНИ ТАДҚИҚ ЭТИШ ҚУРИЛМАСИ //МЕХАНИКА ВА ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ИЛМИЙ ЖУРНАЛИ. – 2021. – Т. 4. – С. 14.
3. Sharipovich K. S. et al. Fifth Class Rotary Kinematic Pair Research Device in a Vegetable Oil Production Press //INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION. – 2022. – Т. 37. – №. 3.
4. Жўраев А. Ж. и др. Бўйлама ариқчали бешинчи синф айланма кинематик жуфтликдаги ишқаланиш кучи моменти ҳисоби //Механика и технология. – 2022. – Т. 4. – №. 9. – С. 29-35.