CHOOSING THE TYPE OF WORKING BODY OF THE MACHINE FOR OPENING THE IRRIGATORS WITH THE BURYING OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS IN THE COMBINATION MACHINE

ABSTRACT

The article presents the results of a field test conducted on the selection of the type of working body that opens irrigation gates along with burying organic fertilizers placed in a combined machine.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В статье представлены результаты полевых испытаний, проведенных по выбору типа рабочего органа, открывающего поливные затворы одновременно с заделкой органических удобрений, размещенных в комбинированной машине.

Keywords: energy-resource efficient, pomegranate, organic fertilizer, test, energy indicators, working body, profile, egate, fertilization.

Ключевые слова: энергоресурсосберегающий, гранат, органическое удобрение, испытание, энергетические показатели, рабочий орган, профиль, эгате, внесение удобрений.

In the world, the development and application of energy-resource-efficient and high-performance main tillage machines takes a leading place. "The area of fruit crops in the world is 53.4 mln. hectare, of which 7 mln. more than a hectare of olives, 20 mln. hectare of orchards, 1.8 mln. considering that more than one hectare is citrus crops" [1], the development of high-quality and productive and energy-resource-efficient tillage machines and tools is one of the important tasks. In recent years, large-scale works on the development of pomegranate cultivation and the establishment of pomegranate orchards on large areas have been carried out in our Republic. In particular, in the decisions of the Cabinet of Ministers No. 25 and 791, adopted on January 20, 2017 and October 4, 2018, the organization of the "Pomegranate Growers" association in our Republic, the establishment of pomegranate groves on an additional 2,400 hectares by 2021, the increase of product production, and its processing and phased implementation of export works is envisaged [2].

The requirement of the harvested pomegranate bush for soil fertility, local and mineral fertilizers is much higher than for other types of orchards. The use of livestock and poultry manure is especially effective. Manure and phosphorus fertilizers are mainly given in autumn and winter, and softened between rows [3].

A combined machine (hereinafter referred to as a combined machine) that simultaneously performs the steps of applying organic fertilizers to the pomegranate orchards in the designated place and inter-row processing, and opens the irrigation gates together with burying the fertilizer in order to choose the optimal type of working parts, on the basis of literature analysis, mutual comparison tests of egat openers of four options described in Figure 2.1 are carried out:

1. The working body of the potato pusher; 2- The working body of the gaspardo cultivator HL 8 rows hay cultivator; 3-GX-4 pusher receiver working body; 4. A spherical disk with a diameter of Ø400 mm

Figure 1. Different options of work bodies

The construction of a laboratory-field device was developed and prepared for conducting comparative tests. Comparative tests were carried out in October 2022 in the 5th field of the experimental farm of QXMITI. In the tests, the laboratory device was aggregated with a 1.4 class wheeled tractor and used at speeds of 5 and 7 km/h. Physical and mechanical properties of the soil were determined before the tests (Table 1) [6].

Table 1.

Moisture, hardness and density of the field soil where the tests were carried out

The requirements for machine egate openers used for fertilizing pomegranate orchards: bury organic fertilizer with a layer of soil of the thickness specified in the initial requirements; opening of suction ditches; The pull resistance of egat openers should be as low as possible.

According to the requirements, the following performance indicators of egat switches were determined in the tests:

• the height of the soil pile;
• profile of the cross-section of the soil pile;
• quality of soil fertility;
• depth of suction ditches;
• tensile strength of egat switches.

These indicators are in accordance with Uz DSt 3236:2017 "Soil tillage machines and working tools in horticulture. Testing methods" [4], Own DSt 3193:2017 "Testing of agricultural machinery. The method of energy assessment of machines" [5], was determined.

To determine the profile of the cross-section of the soil pile, a special ruler 3 m long, divided into scales every 5 cm, and a 100 cm ruler were used. A special reka was installed crosswise-horizontally on the created piles, the vertical distance from the reka to the soil surface was measured with a ruler to the nearest 1 cm at every 5 cm distance to the cross and recorded in the field notebook. Later, on the basis of these numbers, the profiles of the pillars were built in Microsoft Excel and their heights were determined. Repetition was six times for each variant.

The quality of soil compaction was determined by dividing the soil samples taken from the field into fractions larger than 100 mm, 100-50 mm, and smaller than 50 mm using an open box with a bottom of 0.5x0.5x0.2 m. For this, the samples were passed through sieves with the diameter of the holes 100, 50 and 25 mm. The obtained results were calculated as a percentage of the total mass of the soil, and the quality of soil compaction was determined [6]. In each option, samples were taken from 6 locations.

The tensile strength of the selected working bodies was determined using a G-shaped load cell. The tension beam is made of 65G steel with a rectangular cross-sectional area of 30x80 mm. 2 PKB-20-200 type tensor resistors were glued to the working surface of the tensobalkan.

The G-shaped load cell was calibrated before and after the experiments. Based on the data obtained during the calibration, the calibration coefficient was determined. Then, the numbers obtained in the experiments were multiplied by the calibration coefficient, and the real value of the resistance force shown by the soil to the working body was determined.

The G-shaped tension beam was loaded in the range of 0–8 kN at 0.5 kN intervals by means of a screw mechanism. According to the data obtained in the experiments, mathematical statistical methods were used to find the arithmetic mean values and mean square deviations of the indicators [7]. The results of the experiments are presented in Table 2 and Figure 2. It can be seen from the data that the traction resistance of the working body with a spherical disc in the 4th variant was 1.1-1.3 times less than the working bodies of the other variants at speeds of 5-7 km/h, respectively. However, the soil pile created with the spherical disk working body (Fig. 2) was not at the required level. When the Egat GX-4 rammer is used as an opener, the working body has low traction resistance, and the height of the pile of soil obtained is at the required level. Based on the above, the working body of the 1st variant potato harvester as an opener of the machine did not create a sufficient pile of soil. The height of the soil pile also does not meet the requirement and the drag resistance is high.

Table 2.

Quality and energy performance indicators of burial bodies

2-jadvaldagi ma'lumotlardan ko‘rinib turibdiki; 2 va 4-variantlardagi ish organlari bilan hosil qilingan tuproq uyumi boshqa variantlarga nisbatan kam bo‘lgan.

a, b, v, g – the working body of the potato thresher, the working body of the GX-4 thresher, the blade of the Cultivator HL 8 rows straw cultivator of the Gaspardo company, and the transverse profiles of the threshers forming a spherical disc with a diameter of 400 mm

Figure 2. Profiles of cross-sections of soil piles formed by soil pilers

The greatest resistance to traction was observed in the working body of the potato harvester, and the least resistance was observed in the spherical disk of Ø400 mm. An increase in the speed of the unit from 5 km/h to 7 km/h led to a decrease in the working depth and an increase in the traction resistance of the working bodies. As can be seen from the above profiles, the required irrigation ditches and application of organic fertilizer can be done with the GX-4 skimmer mounted on a special frame. At the level of agrotechnical requirements, there are few indicators of burying of organic fertilizer, opening of irrigation ditches and resistance to traction. Based on this, the GX-4 pulse receiver was adopted, and further theoretical and experimental studies will be focused on justifying its parameters.

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