WORKING DETAIL OF THE TILLING CUTTER

ABSTRACT

The development of energy-resource-saving and high-performance tillage machines takes the leading place in the world. If we consider that more than 1.6 billion hectares of area are cultivated annually for crops in the world, the development of energy-resource-saving and high-performance tillage machines is an important task.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В мире ведущее место занимает разработка энерго-ресурсосберегающих и высокопроизводительных почвообрабатывающих машин. «Если учесть, что в мировом масштабе для возделывания сельскохозяйственных культур в год обрабатывается более 1,6 млрд. гектаров площади», то важной задачей является разработка энерго-ресурсосберегающих и высокопроизводительных почвообрабатывающих машин.

Keywords: vertical, cutter, knife, bolt connections, working body, active, design.

Ключевые слова: вертикаль, фреза, нож, болтовые соединения, рабочий орган, активный, конструкция

Introduction. In the agricultural production of the republic complex measures on resource-saving, reduction of labor and energy consumption, production of high-performance machines used in the cultivation of crops on the basis of advanced technologies and their implementation, increasing the efficiency of the use of existing ones are carried out. In order to implement these tasks, including through technical and technological modernization of machinery and equipment used in the preparation of the soil for sowing, increasing the resource of working bodies to the level of the resource of working bodies developed in the advanced enterprises of the world, one of the important issues is to obtain high yields and reduce their cost.

In order to improve the design and increase the service life of the working tools of the machines used in tillage, V.P. Goryachkin, G.N. Sineokov, E.P. Ogryzkov, M.M. Khrushchov, M.M. Severnyov, M.M. Tenenbaum, A.Sh. Rabinovich, V.N. Tkachev, A.I. Selivanov, V.I. Kazartsev and others, in our Republic G.M.Rudakov, R.I.Baimetov, A.Khajiev, V.A.Sergienko, M.Murodov, A.Tukhtakuziev, S.N.Shamshetov, M.V.Vakhobov, K.K.Nuriyev, M.T.Madazimov and other scientists-researchers have made great scientific and practical contribution.

On the basis of their research, various designs of working tools were created and existing ones were improved, resulting in a significant increase in the workability and life expectancy of fast-acting working tools. But most of these studies were not intended for irrigated lands of Central Asia or were limited to justification of optimal parameters of designs. To date, enterprises producing agricultural machinery in our country produce working tools with scientifically justified materials and designs, which further complicates this problem.

The milling drum on the horizontal axis rotates around a horizontal or vertical axis. It is driven in forced rotary motion by the tractor PTO. Changing the rotational speed of the cutter as required, achieves a quality crushing of the soil. It is possible to work the ground to a depth of a = 25 cm..

In the world there are research works aimed at the development of resource-saving technologies of field preparation for cultivation of crops and new scientific and technical bases of technical means of their implementation. In this direction, it is relevant to conduct purposeful scientific research on the development of tillage machines with working tools that perform translational and rotational motion to ensure resource-saving in the process of interaction of their working parts with the soil. In this aspect, the development of soil milling machines with L-shaped working bodies of vertical arrangement is in demand [1].

In order to improve the reliability of fixing the restorable part of the tillage cutter's working body and reduce the time of mounting-dismounting works, we developed a new working body of the tillage cutter with the expanded possibilities for restoration.  The working body of the tillage cutter is an L-shaped knife that consists of a supporting hub made in one with a blade.

According to the results of operation, the tools of the tiller wear out quickly and need to be replaced with new ones. For example, for tillers MZ 28, MZ 28B, SZ 32 and SZ 32P average statistical wear of the blade is 15-17 cm. In practice (abroad) they are completely replaced with new ones, in our country they are restored, by removing the worn-out part and welding a new one. Such restored blades do not bear heavy loads when cultivating heavy soils and break at the place of welding, as the structure of the metal changes when heated and loses mechanical strength.

The task of the model is to ensure the reliability of attachment of the restorable part of the tillage cutter and reduce the time of installation and dismantling works.

To achieve this task, the known working body of a tillage cutter containing an L-shaped blade consisting of a supporting hub and a blade, the butt ends of the latter are made with triangular notches, mutually coincident with each other, and a supporting plate with holes for mounting the blade by bolt connection is welded on the back side of the hub.

The essence of the technical solution is explained by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows the working body of the mill - side and front view; Fig. 2 - hub, side and front view; blade, front and side view; section A-A of the blade.

Working body of the tillage machine contains a bent L-shaped hub 1 with holes 2 in its tail part, the butt end of the hub is made with notches 3 of a triangular shape, and from its backside a supporting plate 4 with a hole 5 is welded. To the hub 1 the blade 7, also made with chisels 8 and apertures 9, is bolted 6. The working part of the blade 7 is machined on both sides for the blade 10.

Before use, the tool is assembled as follows. The blade 7 is put on the support plate 4 so that the notches 3 of the hub 1 coincide with the notches 8 of the blade, while the holes 5 on the plate 4 must coincide with the holes 9 on the blade.    

Figure 1. Diagram of the working body of a tillage machine

After completion of this test assembly the applied parts are bolted 6 tightly. The tool thus finished is docked through holes 2 to the cutter base (Fig.2).

The working body of the tillage cutter is assembled and dismantled, which distinguishes it from the known analogue by a number of advantages.

First, if the blade erodes, it can be quickly replaced with a new one. Making the blade and hub with serrations on the butt end reduces the dynamic stresses on the bolt connections and protects them from premature shearing.

Figure 2. Diagram of the working body of a tillage machine

Secondly, it reduces the time for assembly and disassembly work, which can also be carried out in the field. If one side of the blade is blunted, the blade can be installed by the other side [2]. The only labor-intensive process is the execution of notches on worn parts, but in the case of serial production of hubs and blades, the labor expended will more than pay for itself. The closest by design, essence and achieved effect to the proposed model is a milling cultivator, containing a frame, with a reducer installed on it and a horizontal rotating shaft, which provides rotation of vertically installed milling bodies.

Working body of soil tillage cutter containing L-shaped knife consisting of supporting hub and blade, characterized by the fact that the supporting hub and the blade are made with the possibility of detachable connection, the butt ends of the supporting hub and the blade are made with triangular teeth, the back side of the hub welded supporting plate, provided with holes for mounting the blade by bolt connection.

References:

1. Ишмурадов Ш.У., Худойбердиев М.А., Абдумажидов Р.Б. Рабочий орган почвообработывающей фрезы // Агентство по интеллектуальной собственности. - 2021. № FAP 01677.
2. Kосимов К.З., Муйдинов А.Ш., Мадазимов М.Т., Хошимов Х.Х. Перспективы восстановлениya изношенных деталей машин наплавкой композиционных порошковых материалов. // БГАУ научный журнал “ВЕСТНИК”. – № 3 (43). – Башкортостан, 2017. – Б. 54-56.