THE INTERACTION OF SALTS OF MICROELEMENTS WITH COMPONENTS OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS

ABSTRACT

To study the interaction of microelement salts with mineral fertilizer components, it was studied by the isomolar series method using 0,01 M solutions of ammonium sulfate and zinc sulfate. The pH, density, viscosity, crystallization temperature, and refractive index of a mixture of 0,01 M solutions of ammonium sulfate and zinc sulfate in various ratios were determined to determine the possible course of the reaction in the ZnSO₄ – NH₄(SO₄)₂ – H₂O system.

АННОТАЦИЯ

Для изучения взаимодействия солей микроэлементов с компонентами минерального удобрения изучали методом изомолярных рядов с использованием 0,01 М растворов сульфата аммония и сульфата цинка. Определены водородный показатель рН, плотность, вязкость, температура кристаллизации и показатель преломления смеси 0,01 М растворов сульфата аммония и сульфата цинка в различных соотношениях для определения возможного протекания реакции в системе ZnSO₄ – NH₄(SO₄)₂ – H₂O.

Keywords: ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate, isomolar series, hydrogen index, density, viscosity, refractive index.

Ключевые слова: сульфат аммония, сульфат цинка, изомолярная серия, водородный показатель, плотность, вязкость, показатель преломления.

Micronutrients play an important role in many basic plant growth processes such as starch formation, growth hormones, seed maturation and production, chlorophyll formation, metalloenzymes, photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and assimilation, protein and carbohydrate metabolism, cell division and development [1]. Globally, approximately 2-3 billion people suffer from micronutrient deficiencies, especially in developing countries, which constitute a large proportion of the population [2,3,4]. The deficiency of trace elements is eliminated by the production of organic and inorganic fertilizers containing microelements and application to soil and plants [5,6]. The role of some trace elements such as zinc, iron, manganese, and boron is important in obtaining high profit from NPK fertilizers and high-yielding varieties [7]. Microelement additives, depending on their nature, concentration, methods of introduction and other factors, can also significantly affect the physicochemical properties of fertilizers [8,9,10].

To physicochemical justify the possibility of the interaction of zinc sulfate with ammonium sulfate, the interaction between ammonium sulfate and zinc sulfate was studied using 0,01 M solutions by isomolar series method. To determine the possible course of the reaction in the ZnSO₄ – NH₄(SO₄)₂ – H₂O system, the changes in the characteristics of the hydrogen index pH, density, viscosity, crystallization temperature and refractive index of a mixture of 0,01 M solutions of ammonium sulfate and zinc sulfate in different proportions were determined. The obtained results are shown in Figure 1 and Table 1.

Figure 1. Changes in pH (1), density (2), viscosity (3), crystallization temperature (4) and refractive index (5) values of solutions depending on the composition of components in the ZnSO₄ - (NH₄)₂SO₄ - H₂O system

Table 1.

Changes in the physicochemical properties of solutions depending on the composition of the components in the system [ZnSO₄ (0,01 M)] and [(NH₄)₂SO₄(0,01 M)]

As a result of the analysis of the obtained data, the pH value of the ratio of the components of the 0,01 M solutions showed that when the proportion of the 0,01 M solution of ammonium sulfate increases from 3 ml to 30 ml, the content of the 0,01 M solution of zinc sulfate decreases from 30 ml to 0 ml, the pH value increases from 3,84 to 5,33. It can be seen that the pH value increases along the curve up to 18:12, and then the pH value increases again as the amount of ammonium sulfate in the mixture increases. The linear dependence of pH shows that the pH value of 0,01 M ammonium sulfate is higher than that of 0,01 M zinc sulfate, so the pH values increase in proportion to the increase in the percentage of ammonium sulfate (Fig.1).

The crystallization temperature of the mixture increases from -1°C to 0°C with an increasing ratio of 0,01 M (NH₄)₂SO₄ solution to 18:12 ratio of the mixture, respectively. With a sharp increase in the amount of ammonium sulfate in the mixture, it can be seen that the crystallization temperature decreases to -1⁰C.

As the amount of 0,01 M ammonium sulfate solutions in the mixture increases and the amount of 0,01 M zinc sulfate decreases, the viscosity decreases along the curve from 0,956 mm²/s to 0,920 mm²/s at the ratio of 18:12 components. Also, increasing the amount of ammonium sulfate in the solution shows a decrease in viscosity to a value of 0,878 mm2/s.

As the amount of zinc sulfate in the mixture decreases and the amount of ammonium sulfate increases, the refractive index gradually increases along the curve from 1,3319 to 1,3322. Therefore, the refractive index of a solution consisting of 0,01 M ammonium sulfate and 0,01 M zinc sulfate decreases to 1,3317 with increasing amounts of ammonium sulfate.

In summary, to study the interaction of micronutrient salts with mineral fertilizer components, using 0.01 M solutions of ammonium sulfate and zinc sulfate, an isomolar series method was studied, and the hydrogen index of the mixtures, density, viscosity, crystallization temperature and refractive index characteristics were studied.

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