PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS USING LOCAL RAW MATERIALS

ABSTRACT

Objective. Through this article, in order to increase the soil fertility and humus content, the amount of organic fertilizers obtained from local raw materials available in our republic, cow dung, manure waste and organic fertilizers on the basis of biomak-biomics, and determination of the recommended fertilizer through the process of composting in different proportions. changes in the chemical composition of the dog were studied.

Methods. Significant scientific and practical results are being achieved in the direction of production of various organic and complex fertilizers on the basis of the biomass of livestock and poultry wastes available in our republic. Today, the quantities of organic fertilizers obtained on the basis of cattle manure , manure and biomechanics have been studied. For this, cattle manure: manure waste and biomac-biomic were taken in the ratio of 100:25:10-10, and the resulting mixture was composted in the ratio of 100:(25-35):(10-15)-(10-15) The change in chemical composition was studied.

Results. Cattle manure: manure waste and biomac-biomic were obtained in the ratio of 100:25:10-10 and the chemical composition of the obtained mixture in the composting process in the ratio of 100:(25-35):(10-15)-(10-15) the amounts of change are as follows (wt., % ): P₂ O₅ - 0.846; organic substances - 37.27; humic acids - 4.73; fulvic acids - 3.96; water-soluble organic matter - 2.92; nitrogen - 0.50; humidity - 57.75. In turn, the loss of organic matter will be 12.02 % and the level of humification will be 78.08 % .

Conclusion. From th point of view of agrochemical and economic efficiency, the ratio of CM:PM:BB=100:(25-35):(10-15) can be taken as an acceptable ratio, and the compost ripening time, as in the previous case, is 90 days. In this case, we can observe that the total amount of nitrogen, humic acids, fulvic acids P₂ O₅ increases accordingly.

АННОТАЦИЯ

Цель. Посредством данной статьи в целях повышения плодородия почвы и содержания гумуса количество органических удобрений, получаемых из имеющегося в нашей республике местного сырья, коровьего навоза, отходов навоза и органических удобрений на основе биомак-биомики, и определение рекомендуется удобрение путем компостирования в различных пропорциях. изучались изменения химического состава собаки.

Методы. Значительные научные и практические результаты достигаются в направлении производства различных органических и комплексных удобрений на основе имеющейся в нашей республике биомассы отходов животноводства и птицеводства. На сегодняшний день изучены количества органических удобрений, получаемых на основе навоза крупного рогатого скота, навоза и биомеханики. Для этого брали навоз КРС: навозные отходы и биомак-биомик в соотношении 100:25:10-10, а полученную смесь компостировали в соотношении 100:(25-35):(10-15)- (10-15) Изучено изменение химического состава.

Полученные результаты. Навоз КРС: навозные отходы и биомак-биомик получали в соотношении 100:25:10-10 и химический состав полученной смеси в процессе компостирования в соотношении 100:(25-35):(10-15 )-(10-15) количества изменений следующие (мас., % ): P₂O₅. - 0,846; органические вещества - 37,27; гуминовые кислоты - 4,73; фульвокислоты - 3,96; водорастворимое органическое вещество - 2,92; азот - 0,50; влажность - 57,75. В свою очередь потери органического вещества составят 12,02 %, а уровень гумификации 78,08 %.

Заключение. С точки зрения агрохимической и экономической эффективности за приемлемое соотношение можно принять соотношение Навоз КРС:ПП:ББ=100:(25-35):(10-15), а сроки созревания компоста, как и в предыдущий случай, составляет 90 дней. При этом мы можем наблюдать, что соответственно увеличивается общее количество азота, гуминовых кислот, фульвокислот Р₂О₅.

Keywords: cattle manure, manure waste, biomak-biomic, organic products, organic agriculture .

Ключевые слова: навоз крупного рогатого скота, навозоотходы, биомак-биомик, органические продукты, органическое земледелие.

Introduction

Significant scientific and practical results are being achieved in the direction of production of various organic and complex fertilizers on the basis of the biomass of livestock and poultry wastes available in our republic . In the new development strategy of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2022-2026, "Development and approval of action plans in each branch of the sector to further develop the export potential of local industries, including: mineral o Important tasks such as "to increase the export of fertilizers and chemical industry products to 400 million US dollars" have been set. In this regard, including local raw materials It is important to develop the technology of obtaining organic fertilizers with different nutrient components, which are very important for improving the soil structure and increasing the productivity of various agricultural crops .

The area devoted to organic agriculture will be 1.6 % of the world's agricultural land in 2021 . [1-2 ] .

The USA, Germany, France and Canada are the leaders in the production and export of organic products . Laws and regulations of the system of legal regulation of relations in the field of organic agriculture have been developed in these countries  [3-5].

The term "organic agriculture" sounds like a very fancy and ultra-modern term, but behind it there are old ways of farming [6-7] . This goal is not important, the main thing is to protect the health of not only people who eat organic products, but also everyone.

Methods

The creation of modern organic farming conditions is of particular importance, as it allows to successfully solve the main task - obtaining the required amount of high-quality products with the economical use of natural resources. In this regard, we have established a laboratory for the production of organic fertilizers, including natural beneficial agricultural and biomech-biomic effects of various additives, as well as cattle manure, various poultry wastes. studies were conducted [8-9] .

A dastaval in laboratory research We have analyzed the chemical composition of cattle manure, poultry waste, and biomac -biomic raw materials it is advisable to use fast, modern and, of course, highly accurate analysis methods to determine various physico-chemical parameters of raw materials and finished products.

Biomacro - biomic samples were used as the main raw materials for laboratory work for scientific research [10-11] . The main chemical composition of these raw materials is presented in Table 1

Table 1.

Main chemical composition of cattle manure, poultry manure and biomak-biomic

Biomak fertilizer is prepared by adding perennial plant raw materials and rotting barks shed in autumn and adding other additives. It contains carbon, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, nitrogen, sulfur, magnesium, and essential elements, which ensure normal growth and development of the plant, as well as increase soil fertility.

Biomic fertilizer is prepared by burning various plant wastes in hermetically sealed form and adding various additives to them. As Biomik fertilizer is enriched with more than 40 microelements, it ensures normal growth and development of the plant. There is no need for mineral fertilizers in the care of plants in the used land areas. It increases the soil fertility and the quality of the product is high.

Results

The quantities of organic fertilizers were studied based on cattle manure, waste and biomac-biomics. For this, cattle manure: manure waste and biomac-biomic were taken in the ratio of 100:25:10-10, and the resulting mixture was composted in the ratio of 100:(25-35):(10-15)-(10-15) The change in chemical composition was studied.

Table 2.

Cattle manure, poultry manure and biomac-biomics chemical composition of organic fertilizer samples obtained on the basis of (CM:PM:BB=100:(25-35 ): (10-15))

Amounts of the main components in organic fertilizers obtained in acceptable sizes are as follows (wt., % ): P₂ O_5um. - 0.846; organic substances - 37.27; humic acids - 4.73; fulvic acids - 3.96; water-soluble organic matter - 2.92; nitrogen - 0.50; humidity - 57.75. In turn, the loss of organic matter will be 12.02 % and the level of humification will be 78.08 % .

Discussion

It is known that physico-chemical (dispersibility, natural slope angle, etc.) and commodity properties (hygroscopic point, grain strength, etc.) are important properties of solid and powder fertilizers used in agriculture. Because these properties, especially commodity properties, determine the conditions of storage of fertilizers in warehouses, transportation in vehicles and direct application.

The following samples of organic fertilizers were used to study the hygroscopic points of such fertilizers.

The initial moisture content of organic fertilizer samples taken to determine hygroscopic points was as follows, %: 1 – 3.05%; 2 – 3.27 and 3 – 3.15%. The hygroscopic points of these samples were as follows: sample 1 - 81%, sample 2 - 78% and sample 3 - 80%. It is known from the literature that the hygroscopicity points of fertilizers have the following values: if the hygroscopic point is less than 50%, it is a very strong hygroscopic substance; From 50 to 60%, a strong hygroscopic substance; From 60 to 70%, hygroscopic substance; From 70 to 80%, a weakly hygroscopic substance; From 80 to 85%, almost non-hygroscopic substance; If it is higher than 85%, it is practically classified as a non-hygroscopic substance. The level of hygroscopicity is obtained according to the scale of N. Ye. Pestov, these organic fertilizers belong to the class of weak hygroscopic substances

Conclusion

From the point of view of agrochemical and economic efficiency, the ratio of QG:PCh:BB=100:(25-35):(10-15) can be taken as an acceptable ratio, and the compost ripening time, as in the previous case, is 90 days. In this case, we can observe that the total amount of nitrogen, humic acids, fulvic acids P₂ O₅ increases accordingly.

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