PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF RENEWABLE SOURCES IN UZBEKISTAN

ABSTRACT

This article examines the potential of using various types of renewable energy sources in the Republic of Uzbekistan.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В данной статье рассмотрен потенциал использования различных видов возобновляемых источников энергии в Республики Узбекистан.

Keywords: renewable energy source, resource, environment, lubricants, fuel, production, energy resources, energy efficiency, energy conservation.

Ключевые слова: возобновляемый источник энергии, ресурс, окружающая среда, смазочные материалы, топливо, производство, энергоресурсы, энергоэффективность, энергосбережение.

Nowadays, it is not a secret that energy saving should become the most important direction in the energy sector of the country, as it can solve many problems: reducing the production of primary energy resources, reducing emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere during the production of electricity and heat, reducing the need for large investments in the sector, and as a consequence, increasing the economic effect.

We are witnessing a turnaround in the energy industry, where unconventional sources are moving from being exotic, previously only subjects of scientific interest, to statistically tangible energy categories. [3].

It should be noted that in the context of the globalisation of the world economy, the reduction in the growth of non-renewable energy resources, and increased competition on the world liquid hydrocarbon and solid fuel markets, the search for and wide involvement of new alternative energy sources are becoming increasingly important to ensure sustainable economic development.

By the beginning of the 21st century, with the economic development of countries, there has been an excessive increase in energy consumption, especially generated by combined heat and power plants, combined heat and power plants, and internal combustion engines using fossil fuels, which has led to an increased negative impact of their emissions on the natural environment. Scientists attribute the global increase in the temperature of the Earth's atmosphere to the enormous amount of combustion products from fossil fuel-fired power plants and vehicles. Today the amount of fossil fuels burnt in the world each year is equivalent to 12 billion tons of oil, or 2 tons of oil equivalent for each person on the planet. During the last 40 years the fossil fuels produced in the world have exceeded the previous history of mankind, resulting in a drastic reduction of fossil fuel resources. The available reserves of mineral resources in their majority not only provide the existing mining complexes for the long term, but also allow to increase the capacity, to re-organise the extraction of a number of the most important minerals - gold, uranium, copper, lead, silver, lithium, phosphate rock, potash salt, fluor-spar, agrochemical ores, etc.

In terms of proven reserves of minerals such as gold, uranium, copper, natural gas, tungsten, potassium salts, phosphorites and kaolins, Uzbekistan leads not only in the CIS but also worldwide.

In agriculture, these include advanced technologies for land preparation and cultivation, water use, improved machinery fleet structure, etc.

In transport: growth of the fleet of light-duty vehicles, increase in the share of diesel engines, use of gas as motor fuel, construction of paved roads, etc.

The basis of the scope of operation of energy assets is the consumption of fuel and energy resources and the production of products.

The energy problems of industrial production in the agricultural sector are applied to optimise the process chain (receipt, purification, transport, storage and refuelling) as well as the gas and fuel infrastructure, becoming one of the most important problems of the national economy, in which agricultural science has a special role to play.

A quick and successful solution to the fuel and energy problem depends on the consolidation of scientific efforts and the concentration of investor funds at the inter-state level. However, the economic and political interests of oil exporting, transport and energy exporting countries dictate the opposite, due to the established trade balance between them. It is not profitable for them to invest at least another 10... 15 years to invest in research and development (R&D) and technical re-equipment of these industries, which are already paying huge dividends. Delaying conversion also ensures the economic and political enslavement of developing countries that, with their substantial natural gas reserves, are not able to bail themselves out of the fuel and energy crisis. In summary, there are encouraging results in the development of new energy sources and technical alternatives to conventional energy sources. But the practical implementation of ideas is still a long way off. Obviously, we can expect significant changes in the next decade. At the same time, it should be noted that accelerating the pace of addressing this problem is seen in the consolidation of scientific forces and investment at the interstate level, as it is a global problem.

In recent years, a sharp increase in the price of hydrocarbons in many countries has forced people to think about new alternative energy sources, as a result, the total capacity of photovoltaic power plants installed in European countries, especially the production of these plants in the Middle East has doubled. The total area of solar collectors has reached 15 million m in the USA² , in Japan 12 million m² . In Israel, about 1 million solar energy installations are in operation, providing 75% of the country's total hot water supply. The use of wind energy is also developing rapidly, with an annual growth rate of 40-45% in Europe. Experience with renewable energy installations shows that they generally pay for themselves, despite the high costs of their acquisition and use in the initial period of operation. Today, a number of countries have adopted renewable energy programmes. In Germany, for example, it is planned to increase the share of renewable energies to 50 % of the total national energy balance by the year 2050. [1].

Structure of the technical potential of renewable energy sources in Uzbekistan

Figure 1. Renewable energy sources

Uzbekistan is among those states that have achieved energy independence in the country with natural gas and oil products as sources of electricity generation. Given the importance of renewable energy sources (RES) in saving hydrocarbon resources, ensuring the country's energy security, as well as providing electricity, heat and drinking water to the population living in settlements remote from the central energy supply, mountainous and steppe areas. According to expert estimates, Uzbekistan's renewable energy potential is about 51 billion tonnes of oil equivalent, with a technical potential of 182.32 billion toe, which is more than three times the current annual production of primary energy resources

Table 1

Renewable energy potential in Uzbekistan

Given the importance of the electricity sector in the country's economy, the attention of the President and the Government of the Republic to this sector is also growing.

At the same time, the regional distribution of different types of RES and their resource potential along with the regime specifics of RES makes it necessary to consider these factors in technical and economic calculations and justify the feasibility of using various RES sources for electricity and heat supply for various purposes and capacity, including through their combined use that allows to increase the energy efficiency of their application [2].

In conclusion, it can be said that study of international experience and its comparison with conditions of Uzbekistan shows that now all developed countries and some developing countries have developed and are implementing strategies and programs in the sphere of alternative energy. One of the main factors is development and introduction of RES (renewable energy sources), as well as use of the potential of these types of energy under the National Energy Saving Program will allow Uzbekistan in the near future to significantly reduce energy intensity of GDP, bringing this indicator to the level of developed countries, and to embark on energy-saving development and, thus, will contribute to further accelerated development of our country's economy.

References:

1. Г.Ж. Аллаева “Иқтисодиёт ва инновацион технологиялар” илмий электрон журнали. № 4, июль-августь, 2016 йил
2. Н.М. Курбанова Перспективы использования возобновляемых источников энергии в Узбекистане//Молодой учёный -2016-№5(109) стр 42-45
3. М.И Мамасалиева Состояние и перспективы рационального использования и снижения потерь топлива и смазочных материалов республики Узбекистан. Москва. Сборка в машиностроении и приборостроении. Том 21 3(236) 2020 г стр 141-145