IMPROVEMENT OF THE WORKING ALGORITHM OF BRAKING DEVICES OF WAGONS AND SORTING STATIONS

ABSTRACT

A procedure has been developed to control the speed of dissolution of trains on marshalling humps, taking into account the requirements for survivability, safety and economic efficiency of dissolution. In particular: - It is shown that it is more expedient to operate not with the concept of economic security, but with a broader concept of economic efficiency. - The type of criterion of economic efficiency (previously economic security) has been specified by taking into account losses from the downtime of the sorting system. - The illustration of the choice of the optimal variant of the functioning of the SG has been expanded, taking into account the integral criterion. This development makes it possible to structure the system of criteria used and refine the solutions obtained (rolling speed along different sections of the hill, braking stage, braking time, etc.), which will reduce the intervals between cuts on the downhill part of the hill, prevent surge situations and increase the efficiency of using braking funds.

АННОТАЦИЯ

Разработана процедура управления скоростью роспуска составов на сортировочных горках с учетом обеспечения требований живучести, безопасности и экономической эффективности роспуска. В частности: - Показано, что целесообразнее оперировать не понятием экономической безопасности, а более широким понятием экономической эффективности. - Уточнен вид критерия экономической эффективности (ранее экономической безопасности) за счет учета потерь от простоя сортировочной системы. - Расширена иллюстрация выбора оптимального варианта функционирования СГ при учете интегрального критерия. Данное развитие позволяет структурировать систему используемых критериев и уточнить получаемые решения (скорость скатывания по различным участкам горки, ступень торможения, время торможения и т.д.), что позволит сократить интервалы между отцепами на спускной части горки, предотвратить нагонные ситуации и увеличить эффективность использования тормозных средств.

Keywords: interlocking signaling (IS), contact pressure regulator (CPR), automation and telemechanics (AT), brake positions (BP).

Ключевые слова: сигнализации централизации блокировка (СЦБ), контактный регулятор давления (РДК), автоматики и телемеханики (АТ), тормозных позициях (ТП).

Currently, pulse braking algorithms are widely used. This is a consequence of the shortcomings of the actuators available on the slides:

• a small number of gradations of the control action of the moderator (4 stages of BP control); - low accuracy, high inertia of the control equipment of the retarders (contact pressure regulator CPR, control equipment CE-72). As a result, a long period of automatic adaptation of the CE system to specific retarders at each implementation facility is required [3]. Depending on the intensity of the releases, this process can take weeks, and sometimes months, before reaching the specified quality indicators of automated braking [6]. Innovative pneumatic car decelerators of the CE type (8 stages) made it possible to develop and implement a universal algorithm for smooth continuous control of braking means. Currently, he is already showing successful work on nine sorting slides of the country.

The multi-stage nature of the control equipment made it possible to create an algorithm for continuous braking when rolling off the release with exceeding the calculated speed (the general block diagram is shown in Fig. 1) [4]. The change of the current control stage occurs directly during braking to the nearest stage without disinhibiting the moderator, which saves both time and energy spent on control. In this regard, new moderators operating under the control of the developed algorithm provide a significant economic effect.

Figure 1. General algorithm of smooth continuous brake control

The calculation of the required braking stage is based on taking into account the speed and length of the release, the length of the moderator, the energy characteristics of the available control stages. The general algorithm of smooth continuous control of the BP contains feedbacks that provide both continuous control adjustment and adaptation of control parameters [5]. Figure 2 shows a particular block diagram (an integral part of the general algorithm).

Figure 2. Block diagram of the control stage selection at each time when the moving unit is located within the braking position

It deciphers the procedure for selecting the control stage at each moment of time [9]. The time available for braking is calculated according to the formula [1],

                                                       (1) 

where is the  active length of the braking position (retarder tires), – release length, – current uncoupling speed, – estimated (target) uncoupling speed.

We calculate the time  as the ratio of the decoupling energy required  to be extinguished and the calculated energy  extinguished by the moderator during braking by this stage per unit of time:

                                                  (2)

where  - is the calculated energy extinguished by the moderator during braking by this stage per unit of time,  - is the decoupling energy required for repayment, - is the decoupling mass.

                                                    (3)

where  -  is the margin factor used to ensure safety in cases of sudden changes in external conditions. These include: malfunction of retarders, greasy wheelsets, e.t.c.

Simultaneously with the decoupling braking, the efficiency of the control action is analyzed for compliance of the real braking effect with the calculated values and the adaptation of the parameters. Adaptation is based on a comparison of the calculated and actual energy consumed by the current control stage per unit of time and seeks to reduce their difference,

                                                               (4)

where  - is the actually calculated energy extinguished by the moderator during braking by a given stage on a given uncoupling per unit of time. In this method, to automatically adjust the control parameters to the required quality indicators, it is enough to pass one or two uncouples consisting of several wagons. The general block diagram of the algorithm for automatic control adaptation to the physical parameters of the controlled device (moderator with control equipment) is shown in Figure 3 [8].

Figure 3. Block diagram of control adaptation to the physical parameters of the moderator

The automatic adviser on the implementation of the set speed of the release of detachments from the slide has been improved. The proposed mathematical apparatus of the automatic adviser provides adjustment of the parameters of the module for calculating the release rates of the detachments from the braking positions based on the experience and knowledge of a specialist. In order to carry out subsequent adaptation to the changing environmental conditions of the dissolution - weather, profile, etc., developed: - mechanism for evaluating the results of accumulation of wagons on the tracks of the sorting fleet; - a measure of the necessary degree of adjustment of the mathematical apparatus to ensure that the weighting coefficients of the model correspond to the real conditions of dissolution. That is, the functioning of this automatic adviser is based on the assumption that the operator has a stable experience of BP management [2]. In the conditions of "deep" automation of the system, there may not be such an experience.

Thus, a probabilistic method of uncoupling control on BP is proposed, that is, "on average" control. At the same time, the following requirements were used as criteria: - ensuring the best adhesion of rolling uncouples with compositions; - minimizing the size of "windows" on paths; - minimization of losses from the battle of wagons and cargo. This method implements the previous experience of sorting work management in the system: possible failures observed at previous points in time are taken into account. An algorithm and a device for smooth continuous control of braking means have been developed. The proposed methods of controlling the braking means of sorting slides are synthesized on the basis of new technical means (electronic multi-stage control equipment with pneumatic wagon retarders of the CE).

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