ELECTRONIC ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEMS AND ITS CLASSIFICATION

ABSTRACT

In this article, we discussed electronic engine control systems and their classification and convenience between a gasoline internal combustion engine and an electric motor. A few more data are listed in the classification of electronic engine control systems and by fuel supply location.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В данной статье мы обсудили электронные системы управления двигателем и их классификацию, а также удобство между бензиновым двигателем внутреннего сгорания и электродвигателем. Еще несколько данных указаны в классификации электронных систем управления двигателем и по месту подачи топлива.

Keywords: ICE, fuel, engine control, injection, electromagnetic nozzle, gas pump, dynamic parameter, electromagnet, diagnostics.

Ключевые слова: ДВС, топлива, управления двигатель, впрыска, электромагнитными форсунка, бензонасос, динамических параметр, электромагнит, диагностика.

The most common car throne system on board a modern passenger car is a fuel injection system or an electronic engine control system. Such systems are exceptionally diverse in their design. According to the classification presented for fuel injection systems, they are third-generation automotive equipment, which are divided according to the principle of operation into five main groups: K, Mono, L, M, D (Figure 1.2), But they all work according to the general principle - with fuel spraying under pressure into the intake air stream. At the same time, both the amount of fuel and the amount of air are constantly monitored and dosed so that their ratio in the fuel-air mixture entering the engine cylinders would be the most optimal in all operating modes. This provides the engine with significant fuel economy, improvement of its dynamic parameters and characteristics, reduction of the emission of toxic substances with exhaust gases.

Figure 1 Classification of electronic engine control systems

For further analysis, it is advisable to take into account the classification of injection systems according to several main features currently used and proposed by Budko Yu. I. The proposed classification does not exhaust all possible options, but covers all systems practically used at present.

Light fuel injection systems can be classified as follows. At the place of fuel supply:

• direct injection systems;
• injection systems into the intake tract.

According to the method of fuel supply:

• cyclic feeding systems;
• continuous injection systems.

By type of fuel metering units:

• systems with plunger pumps;
• systems with electromagnetic nozzles;
• systems with fuel pressure regulator.

Modern research has shown that further improvement of fuel efficiency while significantly reducing the level of toxicity of engines with fuel injection can be achieved by using distributed injection - injection with fuel supply at a strictly defined time of the working cycle of each cylinder. At the same time, economic considerations force us to look for ways to simplify and reduce the cost of mass injection equipment that provides a level of toxicity and fuel efficiency due to current legislation, which is quite achievable for systems with group fuel injection.

The use of electronic control devices ensures the stability of the configured program and makes it possible to quickly and accurately check the settings under operating conditions by connecting electronic diagnostic equipment without dismantling the hardware components from the car.

Fuel supply systems have the following properties that must be taken into account when developing methods and diagnostic tools:

1) adaptive self-learning for fuel supply regulation is a process that continues throughout the life of the car;

2) the fuel supply system of the engine with injection contains elements that provide for the operation of interfaces made with pretentious accuracy, which imposes increased requirements for fuel purity;

3) the fuel pump supplies fuel to the fuel ramp, where the fuel pressure in the system is maintained in the range of 284-325 kPa. The excess fuel is returned to the gas tank. Therefore, the connections of the fuel system elements must be reliable and carefully monitored during maintenance;

4) the electric fuel pump is cooled by fuel, so turning it on, in the absence of fuel in the tank, leads to rapid overheating and breakdown of the electric fuel pump;

5) all diagnostic work should always begin with a "DIAGNOSTIC CIRCUIT CHECK";

6) if the ambient temperature is below zero, not starting the engine may be caused by the presence of water in the fuel;

7) contamination of the fuel drain wire can lead to increased pressure in the fuel ramp and further damage to the fuel pressure regulator.

Taking into account the above-listed properties will allow optimizing the technological process and the diagnostic tools being developed.

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