APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR REMOTE MONITORING OF GREENHOUSE LAND PLOTS

ABSTRACT

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of development and application of robotic greenhouses on a non-industrial scale, mainly for horticultural areas. The concept of "smart greenhouse" is clarified, an overview of current trends in the construction of robotic greenhouses is given, as well as a description of the setting of the experiment, which consisted in the development of "smart greenhouse" technology, and its results.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В статье рассматриваются проблема разработки и применения роботизированных теплиц в непромышленных масштабах, преимущественно для садовоогороднических участков. Уточняется понятие «умная теплица», приводится обзор современных тенденций построения роботизированных теплиц, а также описание постановки эксперимента, заключавшегося в разработке технологии «умной теплицы», и его результаты.

Keywords: smart greenhouses; automated control systems; robotic greenhouses; NodeMcu ESP8266; efficiency of smart greenhouses;

Ключевые слова: умные теплицы; автоматизированные системы управления; роботизированные теплицы; NodeMcu ESP8266; эффективность умных теплиц;

Agriculture is one of the leading sectors of the national economy. The sector employs an impressive part of the country's able-bodied population. In addition, the agricultural sector provides over 25 percent of Uzbekistan's GDP. Along with this, agriculture plays a socially significant role due to the fact that it produces essential products for the population. It directly affects the development of a number of sectors of the economy, including the cotton ginning, textile, light and food industries.

Effective enterprise management in modern conditions is impossible without the use of computer technology. Automated information technology (AIT) - a set of methods and means for collecting, registering, processing, transmitting, accumulating, searching and protecting information based on the use of software, computers and communications, as well as a set of methods, with the help of which information is offered to customers. Demand in the conditions of market relations for information and information services has led to the fact that modern information processing technology is focused on the use of a wide range of technical means, computers and means of communication [5]. On their basis, computing systems and networks of various configurations are created with the aim of accumulating, storing, processing information, bringing terminal devices as close as possible to the workplace of a specialist or a person making a decision. The relevance of the development of a hardware-software complex for a greenhouse lies in the possibility of remote control of its parameters. The purpose of this study is to develop a hardware-software complex for remote control of the greenhouse microclimate [5].

Before analyzing the methodology of evaluating the use of innovative technologies in agriculture, it is appropriate to provide a brief review of the definition of the concepts of innovation and innovative process in the literature. First, the formation and development of the theory of innovation, the Austrian scientist J.A. Schumpeter made a great contribution. In the 1930s the concept of innovation was introduced by J.A. Schumpeter, and it meant possible changes due to the application of new or improved technical, technological, organizational decisions in the processes of product production, sale, delivery [1]. Also, from the point of view of changes, innovations include La Perre, Yu. Yakovets, F. Valenta, L. Voldachkova and others define it as "innovation - any change that occurs in the internal structure of the economy by moving from an initial state to a new state" [4] or "the development of a creative idea and its transformation into a finished product, process or system" [3].

A smart greenhouse is a fully automated design developed to facilitate the process of growing crops and minimize the use of manual labor. This agricultural facility includes microcontrollers, sensors and IoT applications. Often smart greenhouses work synchronously with other technological solutions. Smart sensors capture plant growth, irrigation, pest and lighting data and send it to a local or cloud server. The web-based admin console allows farmers to configure system settings and integrate it with other solutions. The mobile app generates alerts and reports on IoT greenhouse performance. The developed hardware-software complex for remote control of the greenhouse microclimate must meet the following functional requirements: - measurement of air temperature; – measurement of soil temperature; – measurement of air humidity; – measurement of soil moisture; – measurement of illumination; – control of the air and soil heating system (boiler); – control of the humidification system (moisture sprayer); – control of the lighting system (lamps); – control of the ventilation system (windows); – management of the irrigation system; – remote control from a phone or personal computer via Internet channels.

Figure 1. Structural diagram of the complex

The block diagram includes the following blocks: 1- NodeMCU board; 2 - light sensor; 3 - soil and air temperature sensors; 4- air and soil moisture sensors; 5 - rain sensor; 6 - relay for lighting on/off; 7 - relay for turning on / off the irrigation system; 8 - relay for turning on / off the heating system; 9 - relay for turning on/off the humidity system; 10 - a device for opening and closing ventilation holes; 11 - Wi-Fi module; 12 - liquid crystal indicator (LCD); telephone (or personal computer). The microcontroller of the NodeMcu ESP8266 platform reads data from sensors [1–3]. Relays are connected to the microcontroller, which turn on or off the actuators in accordance with a given algorithm, providing the necessary microclimate in the greenhouse. Actuating devices are a drive for opening and closing vents, a heating boiler, an air humidifier - a "humidity" system, an irrigation system. Temperature and humidity readings are displayed on the indicator in the greenhouse. The Wi-Fi module provides a wireless connection of the NodeMcu ESP8266 board to the Internet. It must be connected to a Wi-Fi zone or hotspot [4].

The analysis of the results showed that the creation of a "smart greenhouse" implies that the developer has skills in the field of mechanics, electrical engineering and microelectronics, programming, including programming of microcontrollers and the development of knowledge bases, as well as knowledge of the technology of growing various agricultural crops in greenhouse complexes. A competent approach to the creation of a "smart greenhouse" can significantly increase productivity while reducing the labor costs of farms. Timely (instantaneous) notification of emergency situations (output of values of controlled parameters beyond the technological boundaries, equipment failure, etc.) will minimize losses from accidents and violations of the technological mode. At the same time, increasing the level of intelligence of greenhouses is associated with an increase in the cost of its development.

References:

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2. Abaskhanova Kh.Yu. FEATURES OF INTRODUCTION OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRICULTURE OF UZBEKISTAN. International scientific journal "Universum: technical science" 2021, Edition: 12(93), part-7, p-24-27 URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech(https://scholar.google.com/ [In English].
3. Abaskhanova K.Y., Khaydarova M.Y., Mirzaeva M.B. DEVELOPMENT OF HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COMPLEX FOR MONITORING SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. 2022. 9(102). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/category/9102 [In English].
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