THE EFFECT OF EFFICIENT DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENTS ON EFFICIENCY

ABSTRACT

The article presents the results of experiments carried out on simple and advanced devices for cleaning atmospheric air from catalyst dust. During the study, the most optimal ratios of the mode-design parameters of the device were determined. During the study, the flow of dusty air in the device was changed from 15 m/s to 25 m/s, and the optimal fractional efficiency of the devices (for particles from 5 μm to 60 μm) was determined, the bending angles of the circulating pipe 15∠°.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В статье представлены результаты эксперимента, проведенного на простых и усовершенствованных устройствах для очистки атмосферного воздуха от катализаторной пыли.

Во время исследований были определены приемлемые (оптимальные) соотношения режимно-конструктивных показателей устройства. В ходе исследований поток запыленного воздуха в устройстве был изменен в диапазоне от 15 м/с до 25 м/с, а также была определена оптимальная фракционная (для частиц от 5 мкм до 60 мкм) эффективность устройств, углы наклона циркуляционной трубы были изменены с 15 ∠° до 75 ∠°, тем самым определяя гидравлические сопротивления и коэффициенты гидравлических сопротивлений.

Keywords: Cyclone, hydraulic resistance, hydraulic resistance coefficient, fractional composition, circulation, dust, flow rate, efficiency.

Ключевые слова: Циклон, гидравлическое сопротивление, коэффициент гидравлического сопротивления, фракционный состав, циркуляция, пыль, расход, эффективность.

Introduction

At present, to increase the octane content of the gasoline fraction in the process of catalytic reforming in oil refineriesCatalyst RG-482, type 582-1,2 is used. The catalytic reforming process is the main process for the development of aromatic hydrocarbons and gasoline fractions. The process is carried out at 470-510 ℃, in the range of 1.4-5.05 MPa [1,2,3]. Catalysts contain 0.3% platinum and 0.3% rhenium. These metals are precious. When placing the catalysts in the device and replacing them with new ones, a large amount of dust mass is released. Because the size of the dust understudy was greater than 10–6 m, it was considered a coarse dispersed system [4,5,6].

During experiments on a two-stage cyclone device, the dust airflow was varied from 15 m/s to 25 m/s.

The hydraulic resistance of the device was measured on a U-shaped micromanometer and calculated using the following formula [7,8,9,10]:

                                                          (1)

here,ξ - coefficient of hydraulic resistance; ρ - ambient density, kg/m³; ω - air flow rate, m/s.

Hydraulic resistance coefficient [7,8]:

                                                           (2)

Several experiments were performed to determine the efficiency and hydraulic resistance of the two-stage device. Experiments to calculate efficiency were initially conducted on a single-stage cyclone device. Table 1. shows the results of the experiments.

Table 1.

The results of an experiment conducted on a single-stage device to clean the air from dust (by powder fractions)

Experimental results in a cyclone device without a circulating tube (Table 1) show that the maximum efficiency for particles 5 5 ÷ 60 μm at a dust air velocity of 15 m/s is up to 55.2% when the airflow velocity is 17 m/s 5 The maximum efficiency for particles with ÷ 60 μm was up to 56.6%, and for fine-dispersed particles from 5 μm to 60 μm when the dust air flow rate was 25 m/s, the maximum efficiency was 62.9%. The optimum dust flow rate was 22 m/s, with an efficiency of 60.5%.

Table 2 below shows the results of experiments performed on a two-stage device.

Table 2.

The results of an experiment conducted on a two-stage device to clean the air from dust (by powder fractions)

Table 2 shows that the efficiency of the device is 71.4% for solid fine-dispersed particles up to 5 μm when the dust air flow is 15 m/s, and the efficiency of the device is 84.23 when the airflow rate is 15 m/s for 60 μm particles. %, while the hydraulic resistance was 554 Pa. When the dust air velocity increased to 21 m/s, the efficiency was 82.2% for particles up to 5 μm, 87.8% for particles up to 60 μm, and the hydraulic resistance was 745 Pa. A gradual increase in the efficiency of the device was observed when the dust air velocity increased to 25 m/s, ie the efficiency was 84.8% for particles up to 5 μm and 94.98% for particles up to 60 μm. Here, the most optimal ratio is when the dusty airflow is 22 m/s,

During the experiments, the dependence of the dust airflow rate inside the device on the hydraulic resistance coefficient was also studied. The figure shows the results of the experiment.

Dusty pile speed m/s

Figure 1. Dependence of the dust air flow rate on the device on the hydraulic resistance coefficient

As can be seen from the figure, the hydraulic resistance coefficient was 1.21 at a dusty air velocity of 15 m/s, the hydraulic resistance coefficient was 1.44 at a dusty air velocity of 16 m/s, and the dusty airflow at 25 m/s. the hydraulic resistance coefficient was 2.07. This indicates that an increase in the hydraulic resistance coefficient is due to an increase in the velocity of the dusty air inside the device.

During the experiments on cleaning the atmospheric air from catalyst dust, we conducted experiments to determine the efficiency, optimal bending angle, and hydraulic agitation of the circulation pipe installed in the cyclone device. The results of the experiments are given in the table below.

Table 3.

Circulation index of dust particles up to 5 μm in the circulation pipe (dusty air flow rate, 22 m/s)

As can be seen from Table 3, the bending angle of the circulation pipeаAt 15, the efficiency of circulation of dust particles up to 5 microns in size is 63 %, and the hydraulic resistance is 28 Pa. Pipe bending angleаIn the 60-75 range, the efficiency decreased from 86 % to 53 %, but the hydraulic resistance of the pipe also increased from 72 Pa to 81 Pa. Optimal ratio of the circulation pipe bending angle -аIn the course of experiments, it was found that the efficiency is 95.1 %, and the hydraulic resistance of the pipe is 60 Pa.

However, several experiments were also performed to determine the optimal distance between the circulating pipe and the purified air outlet pipe inside the device. The experimental results are presented in Table 4.

Table 4.

Results of determining the optimal distance between the circulation pipe and the purified air outlet pipe (dust flow air velocity, 22 m/s, dust concentration in the air 2800 mg/m³)

As can be seen from Table 4, during the experiments to find the distance between the circulation pipe and the purified air outlet pipe inside the device, the distance between the starting pipes was 16 mm, with a particle circulation efficiency of up to 5 μm 65.8%. resistance was 384 Pa, the efficiency of the device increased from 71.5% to 94% when the distance between the circulation pipe and the cleaned air outlet pipe was reduced from 14 mm to 4 mm, while the hydraulic resistance was reduced from 384 Pa to 382 Pa, the most optimal. the relative distance was found to be 2 mm, with an efficiency of 95.1%.

When three parts of the circulation pipe were placed in line with the outer wall of the purified air outlet pipe, a sudden drop in efficiency was observed, which was 70.2%. Experiments were conducted to determine the overall specific efficiencies of simple and improved cyclone equipment, the results of which are presented in Table 5.

Table 5.

General specific efficiencies of simple and improved cyclone equipment (dust concentration in the air 2900 mg/m³)

As shown in Table 5, the efficiency of a simple cyclone was 44.1% at a dusty air velocity of 15 m/s, and 89.2% at an improved cyclone, and the efficiency of a simple cyclone was 44.9% at an airspeed of 16 m/s., and the efficiency of the modernized cyclone equipment was 90%.

When the dusty airflow was 22 m/s, the efficiency of a simple cyclone was 49.7%, and the efficiency of an improved cyclone device was 95.1%. When dusty airspeeds were increased to 25 m/s, the cleaning efficiency of a simple cyclone was 51.6%, and that of an improved cyclone was 95.9%. The comparison results revealed that the cleaning efficiency of the modernized cyclone was on average 46% higher than that of a simple cyclone.

The results of a study of simple and modernized devices for cleaning atmospheric air from finely dispersed dust of catalysts show that the efficiency of a simple cyclone was 60.5% when the dusty airflow in the equipment was 22 m/s, and 94.15% in an improved device.

The hydraulic resistance coefficient of the improved device was 1.8, the hydraulic resistance was 60 Pa when the bending angle of the circulation pipe was 45, and the efficiency of circulating particles up to 5 μm was 95.1%. This indicates that for colloidal particles, their circulation inside the device has been found to have a positive effect.

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