METHOD OF ACCELERATING DRYING PROCESS BY INITIALLY WORKING IN IMPULSE-PAUSE MODE

ABSTRACT

At the global level, one of the important tasks is to ensure the production of agriculture, food products and its safety, and research and development activities aimed at improving drying devices are being carried out.

АННОТАЦИЯ

На мировом уровне одной из важных задач является обеспечение производства сельскохозяйственной, пищевой продукции и ее безопасности, проводятся научно-исследовательские и опытно-конструкторские работы, направленные на совершенствование сушильных устройств.

Keywords: range, frequency, electromagnetic field, ultrasound, mechanical, vibrational, impulse-continuous.

Ключевые слова: диапазон, частота, электромагнитное поле, ультразвук, механический, колебательный, импульсно-непрерывный.

Agriculture, food production and ensuring its safety is one of the most important tasks on a global scale. In this direction, in developed countries such as the USA, France, Turkey, Germany, Ukraine, Russia, to improve the combined drying device and technology for high-quality drying of fruits and vegetables, to create a new type of raw material, to expand the area of ​​the main use of the obtained products, to obtain them in an environmentally friendly state, to be effective without waste creating technologies is important.

In global practice, research and development is being carried out to improve the technology of drying food products using hot air flow, drying technology using infrared light, and drying devices.

Certain results are being achieved in our republic in terms of in-depth processing of agricultural products, obtaining semi-finished and ready-made food products from them, saving energy resources spent on products, creating resource-saving drying technologies that ensure the production of high-quality products. In the Strategy of Actions aimed at the further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, including "... deepening structural changes and consistent development of agricultural production, further strengthening the country's food security, expanding the production of environmentally friendly products, increasing the export potential of the agricultural sector significant increase...." tasks are defined. In this regard, among other things, scientific research aimed at combining the development of technologies of dry products with methods of drying using electromagnetic waves in the infrared range of energy supply is of great importance.

Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-4947 of February 7, 2017 "On the Strategy of Actions for Further Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan", No. PF-5388 of March 29, 2018 "Fruit in the Republic of Uzbekistan - on additional measures for the rapid development of vegetable production, PQ-3682 dated April 27, 2018 "Measures for further improvement of the system of practical implementation of innovative ideas, technologies and projects" This dissertation research serves to a certain extent the implementation of the tasks defined in the Resolutions and other regulatory legal documents related to this activity.

In the middle of the 20th century, A.V. Likov suggested that before drying the product, it should be repaired by means of a strong impulse in various forms and then dried. It can be pulsed effects of electromagnetic field, ultrasound, mechanical, vibrational, chemical means with different wavelengths and frequencies. The power of the impulse is 15-20 times greater than the power of energy provided for normal drying, and consists in breaking the water structure of the product. As a result, it has been proven that it is easier to remove these waters from the product composition, the degree of drying is deepened, and energy consumption is reduced. Impulse effects can be organized in different ways: single and multiple impulse effects, the time of impulse exposure can be increased or decreased, the pause between them can be decreased or increased. The pulse can be generated from combinational sources.

In Figure 1.1, the period of pulsed-continuous energy supply is increasing, and the period between pulses is decreasing. This example shows 4 periods. It is possible to choose an optimal mode by studying the amount, duration, power, temperature and energy consumption of periods.

Figure 1. In the ascending order of the pulse-continuous energy supply cycle

Figure 2. In the constant (constant) order of the pulse-continuous energy supply cycle

Figure 1.2 shows the invariant sequence of the pulsed-continuous energy supply cycle. It is possible to analyze changes in product temperature and energy consumption during the drying process and choose the optimal process.

Figure 3. In descending order of pulse-continuous energization period

In Figure 3, the period of pulse-continuous energy supply is decreasing, and the period between pulses is increasing. In this example, 4 periods are also given.

Mathematical modeling of the process of drying agricultural products

Mathematical modeling of the vacuum IR-drying process, study of technological regimes and theoretically based design of industrial drying devices are of practical interest from an analytical or analytical-experimental point of view. Thanks to modern information technologies, this method provides an opportunity to study the process of vacuum IR-drying in a wide range of conditions and regimes [85, 86, 87].

In the studies, the method of mathematical modeling of this production system is seen, in which the conceptual model of the complex system under study is created and determined by the functions and connections suitable for the study determined at the stage of analysis [88; 234-340 b].

In studies [89;34-97 b], creation of models in GPSS/PC language was considered. The sequence and conditions for the formation of the managerial influence of a similar model are explained. Arithmetic variables are defined, as well as continuous, discrete and attribute type functions.

The authors of the study studied and developed modeling and optimization systems that analyze the movement of the studied module, including mathematical, software-algorithmic, informational and technological support.

According to the definition of the authors seen in the research, the equation showing the nutrient content of agricultural products during IR-drying is as follows:

N_obr (t_obr )=N_0∙exp∙[-l^* (t_obr )∙t_obr ]                                                            (1)

where,N_0,N(t)-l^* (t_obr )- respectively, the initial and final amounts of the components in the raw materials before and after drying, the content of substances in the raw materials before drying, l^(* ^ ) (t_obr ) - decomposition constant at the final temperature of IR-processing, tobr - time of IR-processing [91;1154 b].

By experimentally studying the rate of decomposition of vitamin C during the drying process, the authors of the study created a differential equation showing the decrease of the component over time.

                                                  (2)

                                              (3)

Based on many uncertain methods, approximate search methods, the authors created a mathematical model of vitamin C loss and performed its parametric identification. Protein denaturation was studied using the same method.

The research includes the material and energy balance of the IR-drying process of agricultural products, as a result of which the mathematical interpretation of moisture and heat distribution is as follows:

Q(h)=Q_0∙〖exp〗^((-sh) )                                                         (4)

Here, Q0, Q(h) is the initial and final energy passing through the thickness of the drying material over time, kDj; s - ray extinction coefficient, m-1; h - elementary layer thickness, m.

The authors present a mathematical model of the process of drying tomato seeds (dispersable nutrient material) in pneumatic transport equipment. It includes the equation of material and heat balance, the equation of temperature and moisture distribution in the cross-section of the device, the hydrodynamic state of moisture inside the seed, and the equation of molecule diffusion. The resulting module serves to study the process of drying tomato seeds in a pneumatic device, and serves as initial information for the design of suitable devices.

References:

1. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 7, 2017 No. PF-4947 "On the strategy of actions for the further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan".
2. Douglas J. Arendt, Alison Wise, Rachel Gelman. The status and prospects of renewable energy for combating global warming // Energy Economics, Volume 33, Issue 4, July 2011, Pages 584-593.
3. Kholdorov Bakhodir Baratovich, Irmatov Otabek Saidovich, son of Issakov Shokir Allaberdi, son of Sadullaev Jasur Mansur. Drying products with infrared rays. "Universum: technical science" 5(98). Moscow 2022.
4. Issakov Shokir Allaberdi oğlu Methods of optimization of the fruit drying process. "Universum: technical science" 6(99). Moscow 2022.