FEATURES OF METHODS FOR CALCULATION OF AUTOMATIC DEVICES LINE SPEED AND DIMENSION CONTROL

ABSTRACT

The use of various types of complex systems based on various control principles ensures fast, and at the same time reliable and accurate performance of the task. One of the important factors influencing the correct obtaining of the conveyor speed, as well as the geometric linear dimensions of the parts, is the correct preparation, programming, efficient power supply of the entire system and the introduction of correlations when certain malfunctions are detected. The creation of flexible, quick-adjustable active control systems is associated with the introduction of automation into production. At the same time, the use of active control systems and self-adjusting circuits in automation provides a great advantage. This method has great potential to increase the level of production and industry. The aim of the work is to analyze modern automatic devices for controlling the speed and geometric dimensions of parts. Automatic control devices, automatic control is an important component of production at this point in time, providing reliability, accuracy, speed, improvement of technical and economic indicators in the management of technological processes in general.

АННОТАЦИЯ

Применение различных видов сложных систем, основанных на различных принципах управления обеспечивает быстрое, и в тоже время надежное и точное выполнение поставленной задачи. Одним из важных факторов, влияющих на правильное получение скорости конвейера, а также геометрических линейных размеров деталей, является верная подготовка, программирование, эффективное питание всей системы и внесение корреляций при обнаружении тех или иных неисправностей. Создание гибких, быстропереналаживаемых систем активного контроля связано с внедрением автоматизации в производство. При этом большое преимущество дает применение в автоматике систем активного контроля и самонастраивающихся схем. Данный способ имеет большой потенциал к повышению уровня производства и промышленности. Целью работы является анализ современных автоматических устройств контроля скорости и геометрических размеров деталей. Автоматические приборы контроля, автоуправление является важной составляющей производства на данный момент времени, обеспечивающие надежность, точность, быстродействие, улучшение технико-экономических показателей при управлении технологическими процессами в целом.

Keywords: control device, linear speed, size, characteristic, control system, steepness, non-linearity, sensor.

Ключевые слова: устройство контроля, линейная скорость, размер, характеристика, система управления, крутизна, нелинейность, датчик.

Introduction

One of the types of control of a certain technological process is automatic control, carried out by evaluating each individual element of the control object or evaluating a complex of elements, obtaining information about its quality. The main direction and essence of automatic or automated control is to minimize the participation of working personnel during the measurement and analysis of the part during its processing, which includes both the calculation and change of geometric dimensions. In turn, this leads to the partial elimination of subjective measurement errors; due to compensation, the technological accuracy of the equipment increases, caused by the deterioration or wear of the state of the equipment, thermal and power distortions of the technological system [4-8].

Automatic control devices

Automatic control devices are special installations that monitor the production process, the operation of various types of mechanisms and machines, and also notify of an unacceptable change in the controlled value. The control of the size of parts and speed can be considered a real engine of progress, since with the help of processing it is possible to achieve an improvement in any complex shape of the part, thanks to the different speeds of the movement of the machine mechanism. The basis of the action of these types of systems is the use of the necessary types of sensors, various types of converters, automata [1-3]. Their choice determines the accuracy of subsequent operations to control the size, shape of parts and the right choice of speed for performing this type of work. In addition, the importance of software should be taken into account, since the main parameters of speed and size must be chosen in it. The main features of active automatic control are: speed, discrete control, the sensors work for switching contacts, as a result of which there are no metrological characteristics, the tightness of the sensors is ensured. Automatic size control devices are usually divided according to the following three main features: depending on the measurement method, devices operating on the direct or indirect control principle (the size of the part or parameter is controlled); depending on the impact of the active and postoperative control device; according to the automated degree, the devices are fully automatic and with incomplete automation.

The data for determining the nonlinearity of the sensor characteristics are the values given in Table 1, according to which we determine the dependence U_out. sensor from moving. The non-linearity of the characteristic (fig.1) is taken into account by the formula:

,

here U_i – voltage measured in points; l_k – displacement points, mm.; K- slope U_out at the end point of the operating range.

Table 1.

Values

This coefficient K is determined both positively and negatively using the formula:

,

K=l_k=30.0 mm. – total stroke, operating range.

The dependence U_out =f(l_i) is the output characteristic of the sensor, the dependence of the output voltage on the position of the moving part of the sensor (fig.2).

The dependence of the coefficient of steepness on the position of the moving part is graphically presented in fig.3.

The need for a load characteristic (fig.4) is to determine the limits in which, by changing the load, the voltage will change very little or not significant. It is described by the expression U_out = f(R_load) (table 2).

Table 2.

Values

Figure 1. Non-linearity of the characteristic when changing the position of the sensor

Figure 2. Sensor output characteristic

Figure 3. Slope curve

Figure 4. Load characteristic

According to the given requirements of the electromagnetic calculation, the parameters obtained during the study are acceptable for this type of sensor. From the characteristics obtained, it can be argued that the nonlinearity decreases as the sensor rod approaches the zero position, and the output characteristic is non-linear and its minimum is transferred and shifted from the zero position of the sensor rod. When the load changes from 2 to 10 kOm, the output voltage will change slightly and is non-linear, which is explained by the presence of significant currents at low loads, as shown in the load characteristic. These results are characterized by inconsistent electromagnetic coupling between the windings, one of the reasons for which may be the uneven distribution of the working winding section above the excitation winding and the proportion of turns under the core. The non-linearity and steepness of the characteristics are determined, the dependency graphs are given (according to the EXCEL program) [9-10].

Conclusion

For the system of automatic control of the dimensions of parts, the calculation of the induction transducer was carried out, and graphs of the steepness, non-linearity of the characteristic, load and output characteristics were derived using the EXCEL program.

The types of elements, primary converters of automatic systems for controlling the size of parts, mathematical models of the information channel for various states, methods for calculating the error are considered. The current state of automatic systems for controlling sizes and speeds are analyzed.

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