PRINCIPLES OF MAKING PILE OF COTTON CLEANING MACHINES FROM ELASTIC MATERIAL

АННОТАЦИЯ

В статье рассматривается хлопкоочистительная машина и ее основные элементы. Проанализированы эластичные материалы, используемые при изготовлении ворсовых барабанов хлопкоочистительных машин.

ABSTRACT

The article examines the machine for cleaning cotton from small contaminants and its main elements. Elastic materials used in the manufacture pile drums in the cleaning of cotton were analysis.

Ключевые слова: хлопок, очистка, волокно, сетчатая поверхность, ворсовый барабан, эффективность, мелкая грязь.

Кeywords: cotton, clean, fiber, mesh surface, pile drums, efficiency, small contaminants.

2021 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-14 of November 16 "On measures to regulate the activities of cotton textile clusters" [1], the development strategy of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021 "...increasing the competitiveness of the national economy, reducing the consumption of energy and resources, energy-saving widespread adoption of technologies." determines the tasks. [2].

Currently, in order to meet the demand of the textile industry for high-quality fiber, which is competitive in the world market, cotton processing enterprises from processed raw materials are constantly working to increase the volume of harvesting, increase the quality of storage, and ensure the preservation of natural properties [3].

Today, due to the serious attention paid to cotton cleaning in the world, it is shown that attention should be paid to prevent the quality fiber, seed and fibrous material from it going to waste. Unfortunately, effective solutions for cotton cleaning have not been found in the scientific research carried out in this regard.

Table 1.

The main parameters of cotton cleaning equipment used in our country and abroad

In this table, the interaction of the pile-plate drum with the mesh surface has been studied, as well as the law of the impact process according to the zones of the mesh surface. The authors believe that the pile drum will have a much higher cleaning efficiency if the extended mesh is used. Relatively low cleaning efficiency is explained by the fact that the coverage angle of the mesh surface under the pile-plate drums was 110°.

In order to separate small impurities in cotton, cotton gins use equipment for cleaning small impurities such as 1XK and 6A-12M [4]. The cleaning efficiency of such cleaners reaches 45-50% [5]. It has been proven that seed damage is around 2.0% as a result of cotton raw material being hit and dragged along the mesh surface by piles. This damage creates various defects in the fiber. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new technology that ensures the efficiency of cleaning from small impurities while keeping the natural quality indicators of cotton as much as possible.

Therefore, the issue of selecting an impact surface with high cleaning efficiency was directly studied. Experiments show that a drum cleaner with a higher impact surface coverage has the highest cleaning efficiency [6].

Figure 1. Pile drum for cleaning existing cotton from small impurities

1- peg-board drum, 2- piles, 3- mesh surface, 4- a piece of cotton
Р- the impact of the pile drum on cotton; Г- centrifugal force; Ф_тр- friction force

The scientific novelty of the research is that cotton is separated from small impurities using a new technology. In the process of cleaning cotton, it is carried out with the help of mesh surfaces mounted on an elastic base and piles made of elastic material mounted on a drum [7].

Figure 2. Suggested elastic finger cleaner drum
1- peg-board drum, 2- elastic piles, 3- mesh surface, 4- a piece of cotton
Р- the impact of the pile drum on cotton; Г- centrifugal force; Ф_тр- friction force; α- bending of the elastic pile

It has a positive effect on the removal of small impurities from the cotton content of the drum piles from the elastic material, and the crawling movement along the mesh surface [8].

Making the profiles of mesh surface holes in different sizes increases the efficiency of extracting small impurities from the content of cotton [9].

It consists in maintaining the natural properties of cotton while ensuring its good drying during the cleaning of small impurities under the influence of a drum with an elastic pile [10].

In addition, the profile of elastic piles is made conical. Conical elastic piles reduce the risk of cotton getting tangled and entangled.

As a result, it becomes possible to sell the fiber in higher grades due to the reduction of various defects in the composition of the fiber. As a result, it will be possible to increase the economic efficiency of cotton ginning enterprises while cleaning cotton using the new technology while preserving its natural properties.

Rubber products are widely used in all sectors of the economy, especially in the tractor and automobile industry, because rubber, which is the main component of rubber, is very elastic. Rubber can be deformed very strongly (up to 100 percent), but after the load is removed, the rubber will almost completely return to its original state. In addition, the rubber has high chemical resistance, resistance to erosion, good electrical insulating properties, and low density. Today's cars have several hundred different rubber parts. A large part of the produced rubber (about 60 percent) is used for the production of tires for auto tractors..

The reasons for the wide use of rubber in technology are as follows:

• high elasticity of the material (for high-quality rubbers, the relative elongation reaches 1000 percent);
• sufficient strength (the tensile strength of the best types of rubber reaches 40 MPa);
• very little gas permeability and complete water impermeability;
• high dielectric properties.

Table 2.

The main characteristics of rubbers and the field of use

Explanation. The numbers in the third column indicate the field of use of the rubber:

1) It is used to seal cabin windows and other details;

2) It is used to seal cabin doors and other details;

3) used in the preparation of seals (rings, gaskets, cuffs, etc.) suitable for use in the environment of air, water, acid and weak alkali solutions;

4) used in the preparation of thickeners suitable for use in petroleum products environment;

5) used in the preparation of valve details suitable for use in petroleum products environment;

6) used in the preparation of air, water, shock absorbers;

7) used in the preparation of shock absorbers suitable for use in the environment of oil products;

8) used in the preparation of power transmission parts (disks, bushings, blocks) suitable for use in an air environment;

9) used in the preparation of power transmission parts suitable for use in oil products environment;

10) it is used in the preparation of protective details (overlays, couplings, etc.) suitable for use in the environment of air, water, weak acid and alkali solutions;

11) used in the preparation of protective details suitable for use in the environment of petroleum products;

12) used in the preparation of auxiliary parts for general purposes suitable for use in the environment of air, water, weak acid and alkali solutions;

13) used in making tires.

The use of pure natural and synthetic rubber is limited (it is used in the preparation of adhesives, insulating tapes, sealing gaskets). Because they have a number of disadvantages, including insufficient strength. The strength of natural rubbers is 1-1.5 MPa, for styrene artificial rubbers it does not exceed 0.5 MPa. One of the effective ways to increase the strength of rubbers is vulcanization [11].

In addition, in the industry, rubbers are selected based on their hardness and abrasion resistance [12]. The following table (Table 3) shows the properties of the rubbers, and the piles must be able to withstand factors in various conditions for their reliable operation. To ensure this, they were prepared in a vulcanization process at a temperature of 145º-150º under a pressure of 100 atmospheres for 45 minutes [13].

Table 3.

Technological characteristics of the selected rubber

According to the American scientists who are the leaders in the cultivation of cotton raw materials, the more times we clean the cotton, for example, up to 3 times, then the length of the staple mass of the fiber decreases by 0.25 mm, the amount of short fibers increases from 7.1 to 9.8 percent, the amount of long fibers It will decrease from 60.4 percent to 52.2 percent.

Machine picked cotton had 3.2 percent minor defects, and its cleaning rate increased to 18 percent after one minute and 25 percent after two minutes. The higher the moisture content of the cotton, the lower the cleaning rate of the cotton. If the moisture content of the cotton is 11%, after 3 minutes of cleaning, the cleaning rate of the cotton is 52.7%, and at 14.5% moisture, the cleaning rate is 25.9%. If the moisture content of cotton increases by 3.4%, then the level of cleaning of cotton is reduced by two times.

References:

1. Decree No. PF-14 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated November 16, 2021 "On measures to regulate the activities of cotton textile clusters".
2. Jabbarov G'.J. etc. "Technology of seed cotton processing". Textbook. (Tashkent - "Teacher" 1987). 
3. H. Akhmadkhodjaev, R. Muradov, Sh. Ergashev. Fiber material separator. № СУ1541313 А. С 07.02.90. Бюл №5.
4. Ulug’muradov, Kh Y., I. Z. Abbazov, and E. T. Mukhametshina. "Analysis of cleaning machines in cotton plant." Zbiór artykułów naukowych recenzowanych. (2020): 13.
5. Аббасов, Илхом Запирович, and Рустам Мурадович Мурадов. "Пахта таркибидан майда ифлосликларни ажратиб олувчи янги ускуна конструксиясини таҳлили." Журнал Технических исследований 3.3 (2020).
6. A. Kh. Bobamatov. Создание эффективной конструкции и совершенствование научных основ методов расчёта очистителя хлопка от мелкого сора. Dissertation prepared for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Technical Sciences. (Tashkent. 2017).
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8. Kh. Ulug'muradov, B. Najmiddinov, R. Muradov "Creation of a new design of the device for cleaning cotton from small impurities" Innovative approaches to the further development of the textile and sewing-knitting industry and personnel training. Republican online scientific-practical conference. A collection of scientific articles. Namangan-2020. - B. 75-79.
9. Korabelnikov R.V., Ibragimov Kh.I. Development of a comprehensive indicator of the effect of the cotton cleaner on raw cotton during the cleaning process. Molodyx uchenyx-2007, No. 5. P.19...23/
10. Kh. Ulug'muradov, B. Sharopov, O'. Bohodirov, R. Muradov "Analysis of materials used in the preparation of elastic piles" International conference on the topic of economic innovative-technological problems and international experience of increasing the efficiency of product production based on deep processing of raw materials in cotton textile clusters. Namangan-2022. - P.555-558
11. Baltabaev S.D. Preliminary cleaning of machine-picked raw cotton from weeds. Candidate of Science Diss.-Tashkent. 1949.
12. Мурадов Р.М., Мухаметшина Э.Т. Анализ исследования по совершенствованию элементов пневмотранспортных установок в целях снижения поврежденности хлопковых семян // Universum: технические науки: электрон. научн. журн. 2020. № 6 (75). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/9735.
13. Мурадов Р. М., Аббазов И. З., Мухаметшина Э. Т. АНАЛИЗ СТЕПЕНИ ПОВРЕЖДЁННОСТИ СЕМЯН В ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ ПЕРВИЧНОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ ХЛОПКА-СЫРЦА //Инновационные подходы в современной науке. – 2020. – С. 81-88.