EFFECT OF CHANGE OF POLYETHROPOLIOL AMOUNT ON THE PHYSICAL-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THERMOREACTIVE POLYURETHANE

ABSTRACT

This in the article 4 ,4 -methylenediphenyldiisocyanate and polyether polyol based on traditional method thermoreactive polyurethane samples polycondensate received. Polyurethane harvest in doing 100 mass of 4,4- methylenediphenyl-diisocyanate 10, 30 and 50 mass per part in parts polyether polyol added. Harvest has been polyurethane of samples equilibrium of elasticity, deformation stress, elongation resistance strength, breaking resilience properties polyether polyol of the amount effect studied.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В статье получен термореактивный полиуретан на основе 4,4-метилендифенилдиизоцианата и полиэфирполиола по традиционному методу поликонденсации. Образцы полиуретана получены по составам на 100 масс.ч. 4,4-метилендифенил-диизоцианата 10, 30 и 50 масс.ч. полиэфирполиола. Изучено влияние количество полиэфирполиола на такие свойства полиуретана как: модуль упругости, деформационное напряжение, сопротивление удлинению и сопротивления разрыву.

Keywords: Polymer, equilibrium of elasticity, polyester polyol, diisocyanate, elongation resistance strength, breaking strength, deformation stress

Ключевые слова: полимер, модуль упругости, полиэфирполиол, диизоцианат, сопротивление удлинению, прочность на разрыв, деформационное напряжение.

Current at the time metallurgy, mining, agriculture economy, chemistry industry such as different in the fields polymer of materials place is incomparable. This to class incoming polyurethane of materials high elasticity, to be fed endurance, electrical insulation, high deformation such as features at the expense of many applied from polymers is considered. Thermoreactive polyurethanes basically production in the industry application with together metals the place presser materials as mechanical engineering industry is also wide in scope is being used.

This of the polymer viscosity and durability endurance, high elasticity in increasing known one molecular to the mass have hydroxyl keeper polyether polyols polyurethane synthesis is used [1, 2].

Research object

polyurethane of samples equilibrium of elasticity, deformation stress, elongation resistance strength, breaking resilience features polyether polyol (adipin of acid glycols with harvest did complicated ether ) quantity of change effect study is considered.

Methods and materials

The following methods were used in conducting scientific research: GOST 34376.2-2017 "Determining strength properties of polymers"; GOST 4670-2015 "Determination of hardness in plastics"; GOST 56763-2015 "Determination of polymer composites, resistance to external environment"; such methods were used.

The following substances were used in conducting scientific research: 4,4-methylenediphenyldiisocyanate (GOST 12.1.007-76), Ethylene glycol (XCh) (GOST 9710-2019), density at 20 ⁰ C - 1.113 g/cm ³ , refractive index -1.4315, the boiling point is 197.3 ⁰ C. Butanediol (XCh) (GOST 30333-2007), density at 20 ⁰ C is 1.017 g/cm ³ , boiling point is 235 ⁰ C. Adipine acid ( XCh ) ( GOST 10558-80), melting point - 152 ⁰ C, boiling temperature +265 ⁰ C (100 mm/Hg).

Results and discussion

The studied polyurethane samples were prepared on the basis of 100 parts by weight of 4,4-methylenediphenyldiisocyanate and 10, 30, 50 parts by weight of polyester polyols. The strength limits of the obtained polyurethane sample depend on the amount of polyester polyol depends respectively It was different .

Scientific research at work A component used in the metallurgical industry of parts 4,4-methylenediphenyldiisocyanate on their surfaces and insides to improve performance content covered with polyurethane materials. In order to study the physico-mechanical properties of polyurethane materials, different quantitative parts of polyether polyols added to 4,4-methylenediphenyldiisocyanate were analyzed[3, 4].

The opportunity to mathematically analyze the values of polyurethane samples obtained using physical-mechanical methods such as elasticity balance, breaking resistance index, deformation stress.

4,4-Methylenediphenyldiisocyanate and of polyester polyols from polycondensation yes delete made of (PU-1, PU-2, PU-3) polyurethane of samples mass composition q in house gi in Table-1 given.

Table 1.

Polyurethane samples mass composition

Above given Physical and mechanical properties of polyurethane samples with different amounts of polyether polyol change is presented in table 2.

Table 2.

Polyurethane physical and mechanical values of samples

K– elasticity of polyurethane sample balance indicator, %. C – amount of polyester polyol, %;
Figure 1. Samples elasticity balance to the indicator polyether polyol of the amount dependence

Polyetherpolyol increases in the formation of polyurethane sample. The number of bonds between 4,4-methylenediphenyldiisocyanate is ni increase to decrease its elasticity balance take came.

N - polyurethane sample in stretching resistance strength, kN/m , C – polyester polyol amount, %
Figure 2. Resistant to wear and tear to the power Dependence of poliefyrpolyol content

Tensile strength of polymer materials is, in a broad sense, the splitting of objects into parts under the influence of external forces, and irreversible change of their initial shape (plastic deformation). The breaking resistance k index of polymer materials was studied using [Breaking machine P-0.5] [ 5 , 6]. We can see that with the increase of polyether polyol in the polyurethane samples, the tear resistance index also increased. This is due to the increase in the number of urethane groups and bonds density is increased.

Ω - deformation of the polyurethane sample stress, MPa, C – polyether polyol content, %
Figure 3. Deformation or stress to i depending on the amount of polyether polyol

Polymeric materials characterizes their elastic and plastic properties, deformation is a mechanical stress expressed by a change in the initial shape of the applied sample [7,8].

Deformation Voltage using the following formula is considered

this on the ground d- deformation , -start' ich length mm, L ₀ -after measurement length mm. Increases plasticity and elasticity property reduction was achieved.

σ_p - polyurethane set an example, MPa, C - amount of polyether polyol, %
Figure 4. Dependence of tensile strength on the amount of polyester polyol

Values at break for polyurethane samples were considered in the range of pressing pressure from 5 MPa to 40 MPa. Tensile strength of samples (%) is calculated based on the following formula.

𝜀 _𝑝 = ( 𝑙 ₁ − 𝑙 ₀ )*100%/ 𝑙 ₀

where 𝜀_𝑝  is the stability limit l₁  after the test of the sample length , mm; l₀ is the length of the sample before the test , mm [ 8-10 ].

The decrease in tensile strength value was explained by the increase in polyetherpolyol content in polyurethane, the increase in the number of bonds, and the molecular density in the polymer.

Conclusion

Physico-mechanical properties of polyurethane samples formed from polycondensation of 4,4-methylenediphenyldiisocyanate and polyester polyols were studied using different methods. Equilibrium of elasticity , deformation stress, strength limit with increasing content of polyester polyol in polyurethane sample decrease and an increase in the breaking resistance indicator etc. were determined. To this reason 4 ,4 -methylenediphenyldiisocyanate and of polyester polyols i mutually united urethane groups number to increase take is to come.

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