OBTAINING OIL FILTERS FROM LOCAL FIBER RAW AND ITS ADVANTAGES

ABSTRACT

This article presents the results of filter materials used in the cleaning of technical oils and composite filter materials made of basalt and flax fiber, the advantages of filters made of basalt and flax fiber from traditional filter materials and proven their effectiveness for cleaning technical oils. Prospective use of a filter made of basalt and flax fiber for cleaning engine oil is shown. In the course of the study, the fineness range of purification of motor oil with a composite filter made of basalt and flax fiber was 5 to 70 microns.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В данной статье представлены результаты применения фильтрующих материалов при очистке технических масел и композиционных фильтрующих материалов из базальтового и льняного волокна, преимущества фильтров из базальтового и льняного волокна перед традиционными фильтрующими материалами и доказана их эффективность для очистки технических масел. Показана перспективность использования фильтра из базальтово-льняного волокна для очистки моторного масла. В ходе исследования диапазон тонкости очистки моторного масла композитным фильтром из базальтового и льняного волокна составил от 5 до 70 мкм.

Keywords: filter paper, basalt and flax fiber, composition, emulsion, lubricants, mechanical particles.

Ключевые слова: фильтровальная бумага, базальтовое и льняное волокно, композиция, эмульсия, смазки, механические частицы.

Introduction. It should be noted that the operation of the most modern machines and mechanisms today is inconceivable without lubricants. Oils reduce friction losses, reduce the wear of parts, stabilize heat from friction zones, protect parts from corrosion, and protect them from contamination with dust and contaminants from friction surfaces during operation. Under the influence of high temperature and pressure, metal surfaces come into contact with water, fuel and air due to the gradual deterioration of the desired performance properties of the oil and the loss of oil due to the process of constant accumulation of contaminants in lubricants. It can be seen that these oil filters increase the reliability and durability of equipment for timely cleaning of motor oils, in addition, they reduce the material cost of purchasing additional petroleum products economically because the used oils have a long service life. It can also be said that cleaning methods allow to restore the desired performance properties of used oils, and thus allow them to be recycled in secondary use.

Currently, cellulose-based paper filters, filter materials made of glass, ceramics, fabric, felt and artificial polymers are widely used. Composite filter made of basalt and flax fiber has a special place with its advantages. They are more pressure resistant and corrosion resistant; they can operate in high temperature ranges, acidic and alkaline environments.

There are several ways to clean oils today. are available and are the most widely used in the industry:

Cellulose-based autonomous filter. This filter is used to reduce the amount of solid particles in the products of water and oil fractionation. It can also be applied by adding an ion exchange agent to reduce the acidity of the products.

Fiberglass-based pressure filter - this filter is mainly designed to clean products from solid particles.

Electrostatic filter - this filter is used to reduce the amount of solid particles in the products of oil fractionation. The centrifugal separator is designed to remove high-density solid particles present in oil and water.

The vacuum filter is designed to remove dust that pollutes the products through the air and reduce the amount of water.

All of the above technologies are methods available in the industry. It should be noted that the fiberglass pressure filter and cellulose-based paper filter are superior to other types of filters due to their high efficiency and economy. Both of these oil filters work best under technically constant conditions, i.e. under constant flow and pressure.

An autonomous cellulose-based filter is often placed in a separate circuit called a kidney ring filtration, and under such stable conditions it retains most of the contaminant mechanical additives found in the oil. The fiberglass pressure filter can be installed as a full flow “last chance” filter during oil cooling or at high flow in the oil system. In addition, the filter material made from a composition of basalt and flax fiber produced by us is highly efficient in that it simultaneously performs both of the filter functions listed above.

One of the main methods of cleaning all products is a filtration method based on the use of a wide range of filter materials. Paper filters are one of the most widely used filter materials in all industries. It should be noted that the filter made of basalt and flax fiber composition is a competitor to this paper filter. It has been shown in its place that technical oils can be used successfully for cleaning. Installing a stand-alone filter is the best way to trap and store small particles, as well as water and emulsion. The stand-alone filter is required to run continuously because it circulates the volume of oil in the system by circulating it many times a day. At low pressures and low flow rates, it is preferable to choose a dense filter material with very fine filtration.

In a cellulose-based stand-alone filter, the oil passes through several labyrinth-like layers of cellulose. The largest particles are deposited on the surface of the outer layer of the filter material, while the smaller particles enter the inner layer of the filter material and are stored in the filter material, which provides the ability to retain high contaminants. This type of filter can also be installed during the system pump pressure reduction process. This is another of its advantages. The use of stand-alone cellulose-based composite filters allows the removal of water through absorption or aggregation, as well as the removal of oil-based scale and oil decomposition products.

Emulsions can be removed from oil systems with dispersant/detergent additives in the oil, but the additives must be cleaned of oil particles, water and scale before the additives perform the emulsion cleaning function. Because sludge and sludge from cold oil typically dry at temperatures between 10 and 40 ºС, oil cooling is also more efficient in stand-alone filtration in conjunction with a cellulose-based filter.

Conventional internal pressure filters are typically based on fiberglass and are designed to operate under high pressure and high flow conditions, however the capabilities of this filter are limited. The filter element is shaped to increase the surface area and reduce the pressure drop.

Because they are installed after the main system pump, they often go through a difficult process with cyclic flows and many stops and starts, which is very detrimental to the efficiency of any filter. Fine particles are very difficult to catch and hold, so most filters like this have a rating of 10 to 30 microns. However, when the filter is subjected to pressure shocks during stop/start, impurities that have already been trapped, i.e. many particles, will be added to the product again. This in turn imposes an obligation to re-run the process.

The glass fiber-based pressure filter is only capable of removing solid particles and is relatively small and in terms of size it is not capable of trapping limited contaminants.

The stand-alone filter below removes contaminants and the internal pressure filter doubles as a safety or durability feature in front of important components. The filter material made of basalt and flax fiber composition, which we offer from our roof, combines the above two purification systems in the oil purification system, allowing to perform the functions of the above-mentioned filter material simultaneously and in one material. The following is an analysis of the experiments based on the cleaning properties of the filter material proposed by us.

Distribution tables and diagrams of pollutants by particle size are given below.

Table 1.

Indicators of semi-synthetic Addinol 10-40 oil purified using various filter materials

Figure 1. Particle size distribution diagram of contaminants in used oil

Figure 2. Particle size distribution diagram of contaminants in refined oil

Table 2.

Indicators of synthetic Liqui moly 5-40 oil purified using various filter materials

Figure 3. Particle size distribution diagram of contaminants in used oil

Figure 4. Particle size distribution diagram of contaminants in refined oil

Table 3.

Indicators of mineral oil purified using various filter materials

Figure 5. Particle size distribution diagram of contaminants in used oil

Figure 6. Particle size distribution diagram of contaminants in refined oil

According to the results of the study of filtered oil, it was found that the maximum particle size of the contaminants in the oil is 10 microns, and the amount of contaminant particles with a size greater than 5 microns is less than 4-5%.

During the full-scale tests, the pressure drop in the filter element did not change, which indicates the high resource of the device for tangential cleaning of used engine oils, the service life of known direct flow devices is at least doubled.

Conclusion. A comparative test of filtration with cellulose-based paper filters, glass, ceramics, fabric, felt and artificial polymer filtration materials proved the possibility of using a filter material made of a composition of basalt and flax fiber to clean technical oils.

Prospective use of dust filter material for cleaning engine oil has been demonstrated. The effective use of filter material made of basalt and flax fiber composition is illustrated by the example of oil purification during engine start-up. The possibility of using a filter made of basalt and flax fiber composition in tangential filtration of used motor oils was confirmed. The tests allowed the development and introduction into production of a number of products designed for oil refining in stationary equipment.

In the course of the study, the fineness range of purification of engine oil with filter materials made from a composition of basalt and flax fiber was 0 to 75 μm.

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