RESEARCHES ON WORK QUALITY INDICATORS OF GRAIN GRINDER-CRUSHER FOR FARMERS

ABSTRACT

The work quality indicators of the grinder-crusher on grinding efficiency was 99,5 per cent, crushing efficiency was 98,7 per cent and its work efficiency was less than grinding the grain of the wheat it was equal to 157,0 kg/hour, spending the energy was 3,3 kW. As if this situation was defined while grinding the grain of wheat and burley. It can be seen that, the work efficiencies increase considerably when the grain is ground than the corncob is ground, but together with this, the  expenditure of energy rises to 28 percent.

АННОТАЦИЯ

Качественные показатели работы крупяной мельницы по производительности помола составили 99,5%, помолу–98,7% и по производительности меньше помола зерна пшеницы–157,0кг/час, расход энергии составил 3,3кВт. Как будто эта ситуация определялась при помоле зерна пшеницы и ячменя. Видно, что производительность труда значительно возрастает при перемалывании зерна,а не кукурузного початка, но вместе с этим расход энергии возрастает до 28%.

Keywords: Grain grinder-crusher, corn, grinding, farms, farmers, ground mass.

Ключевые слова: Зернодроблика, кукруза, шлифовка, фермы, фермеры, основная масса.

The cattle-raising is one of the main branches of the agriculture in Uzbekistan. Therefore, it is being paid great attention to develop the cattle-raising by the government of the Republic. According to last year situation along the Republic when species of cattle animals that being fed  were compared the sheep and goat were equal to 62,2 per cent of the total cattle animals, and also the big horned cattle made up 37,0 per cent, horses were constituted 0,8 per cent.

When data was analyzed about dividing of available cattle animals on farms, the following situation was known. Total 18447,4 thousands of sheep and 14771,6 thousands of goat or 8,9 per cent was share of farms, 1650,9 thousands or 11,1 per cent of cattle animals depended on other agricultural organizations. As if above situation when dividing of big horned cattle was analyzed too, 10328,1 thousands heads of big horned cattle or nearly 94,0 per cent are fed in peasantry or privet helper farms, 545,2 thousands heads or almost 5,0 belongs to farmers, 109,8 thousands heads or nearly 1,0 per cent of cattle animals might be seen to feed in other types of agricultural organizations.

When we see dividing of horses on types of farms, we can see as if above written situation, namely the most 85,0 per cent (180,39 thousands heads) horses are being fed in privet or peasantry farms, 9,7 per cent (20,648 thousands heads) horses in farmers and 5,8 per cent (12,29 thousands heads) horses are being fed in other types of agricultural organizations.

It is seen that from above written information, in Uzbekistan 80-90 per cent of cattle animals are being fed in privet helper or peasantry farms and their heads numbers make up average 5-6 heads of horned cattle, 25-40 heads of sheep and goat. Available grinders such as DK-4, DKU-1, KDU-2, DKB-1,5 were adapted for large farmers, also their metal, spending energy and price are very high, therefore it can not make opportunity to use these implements in small farms, peasantry farms and private farms. Furthermore, these machines grind the grain straightly as a result the grinding level of the ground forage can not be the same with each other. So, the effectiveness of the forage may be low because of size of ground forage, cattle animals can not digest completely fractions of forage that are bigger.

According to situation of issue and analyze of the done researches until today the above written defect of the hummer grinder-crusher equipment may be arranged by influencing to the grinding grain step by step, namely the supposition was guessed that at first grain is ground, then it is crushed. For this idea the particular grinder should be created, that must break the grain at particular sizes, so it should be provided that grinding, then the ground grain should be crushed according to present requirement and come out. Depending on above written, we carried out researches on development the small sized grain grinder-crusher for farmers and peasantry farms that satisfies its work efficiency and price, it can answer to the present days requirements with together “Navoiy mashinasozlik zavodi” manufacturer plant.

As a result of the researches the constructive and technological scheme of the small sized grain grinder-crusher, the first requirement for preparing first sample and technical task were developed also according to them the constructive schemes of the equipment were prepared.

The experimental sample of the grain grinder-crusher was created according to its constructive scheme. The length of the grain grinder-crusher is 610 mm, its width is 390 mm, the height is 750 mm, the constructive weight is 150 ± 10 kg, and it consists of two grinding parts. The diameter of the both parts is equal to 300 mm. the diameter of the rotor is 295 mm, the rotation number is 2950 rpm. The grinder bars are installed on rotor in the first grinding part, their numbers are 2 pieces, and width is 50 mm, thickness 6 mm. In the second grinding part the small grinder hammers are installed with hinges on rotor, their numbers are 16 pieces and thickness is equal to 3 mm.

According to results that were taken from prime experimental-test the first data was achieved on work quality indicators (look at the table). Experiments showed that, when the grain of the corn moved through the first grinding part of the grinding-crusher, the grinding level of the grain was that, namely the ground grain that up to 2 mm organized 22,9 per cent, between 2-3 mm was 46,4 per cent, and more than 3 mm was equal to 30,7 per cent. When the ground materials with exactly these indicators were moved through the second grinding part the indexes were equal to 89,3 per cent, 7,5 per cent and 3,2 per cent.  When the corncob was ground in grinder-crusher, its grinding level was much differently.

Table 1.

Work quality indicators of the grain grinder-crusher for farmers

For instance, when the ear of the corn passed trough first grinding part of the grinder-crusher, the components that up to 2 mm organized 18,2 per cent, between 2-3 mm mass made up 23,6 per cent, and mass that is more than 3 mm made up 58,2 per cent. The production which was ground first in first grinding part of the grinder-crusher was passed through the second part of the grinder-crusher, after that in the component of the ground forage the quantity of the mass up to 2 mm increased significantly and reached to 74,4 per cent. The component of the forage that between 2-3 mm decreased slightly and it was equal to 19,8 per cent, the part that more than 3 mm went down dramatically and made up 5,8 per cent. The grinding level of the ear corn increased dramatically during the second treatment, but in the second step their grinding level was coarser than grinding level of the grain. Also for smaller grinding the grain it was achieved only after treatment in the second part of the grinder-crusher.

According to results of the prime experimental-testing of the developed grinder-crusher the quality level of the forage production that was ground by grinder-crusher was defined by feeding the cows, horned cattle that was more than 1 years old and sheep. However, for young lamb and calf the forage has to be ground considerably smaller and it should be mixed with easy digester forage. Thus, the ear corn and its grain, the grain of the wheat and barley were ground, tested and its work indicators were defined.

After grinding the ear corn, when its grain was ground, grinding efficiency was 99,6 per cent, crushing efficiency was 98,4 per cent, the work efficiency in the real work period was 172,5 kg/hour, spending energy was equal to average 3,6 kW. It can be seen that, the work indicators increased more when the grain of the corn was ground than its ear was ground, but spending the energy increased to 28 per cent.

The much better indicators of the grinder-crusher were determined when the grain of the wheat was ground. According to result the grinding efficiency was equal to 99,8 per cent, crushing efficiency was 99,1 per cent, the work efficiency in the real work period made up 185,8 kg/hour and spending the energy was less than grinding the grain of the corn, it was demanded average 3,2 kW.

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