WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION OF THE MACHINE-TRACTOR UNIT WHEN LIFTING UNIVERSAL POWER EQUIPMENT

ABSTRACT

The article finds that the total weight of the aggregate is distributed along the axes to ensure the longitudinal stability and control of the machine aggregate when the universal power tool is aggregated with the cotton picking machine. The tire brand is selected for the rear and front wheels of the tractor.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В статье установлено, что общий вес агрегата распределяется по осям для обеспечения продольной устойчивости и управляемости агрегатной машины при агрегатировании универсального электроинструмента с хлопкоуборочной машиной. Марка шин подбирается для задних и передних колес трактора.

Keywords: universal energy engine, stability, steering, wheel, base reaction, weight.

Ключевые слова: универсальный энергетический двигатель, устойчивость, рулевое управление, руль, базовая реакция, вес.

In our country, agricultural machinery and tractors that can perform certain types of processes are used to harvest each type of crop. For example, tractors, special types of techniques are used for tillage, sowing and intercropping, and for harvesting crops. In particular, it requires the use of grain harvesters for grain harvesting, special forage harvesters, and other types of machines for harvesting cotton.

This will lead to an increase in the number of agricultural machines and an increase in the cost of production in agricultural production.

Currently, there is a clear trend in the world to use power vehicles capable of aggregating with several types of agricultural machinery. The use of this technology will reduce the number of agricultural machinery fleets and reduce the cost of agricultural products.

For this purpose, the following schemes are proposed for the performance of agricultural work of the Universal Energy Vehicle (UEV) on the basis of a modernized TTZ tractor (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Recommended schemes of harvesting machines on the basis of UEV TTZ:

a - with a rotary sickle-grinder; b - with forage harvester; v - with a cotton harvester; g - with a poultry collection unit; d - with a cotton swab grinder.

The UEV is traditionally a mobile machine, aggregated with machines, designed to perform harvesting and other field work.

When UEVs are aggregated with suspension units, it is necessary to determine the distribution of the total weight of the center of gravity of the machine tractor unit (MTA) between the wheels. In this case, the main task is to ensure the flexibility of the MTA in the transport mode [3].

To determine the center of gravity of the MTA (Figure 2), the coordinates of the center of gravity a and h of the UEV must be replaced by the coordinates of the center of gravity a_a and h_a when the UEV is connected to the suspension unit, we define it as follows [3]:

                                                                      (1)

                                                                    (2)

where =–MTA weight;  – weight of suspension machine; ,  – coordinates of the longitudinal and transverse centers of gravity of the suspension.

Figure 2. Calculation scheme of MTA aggregated with a suspension unit in the horizontal plane

During the design of the UEV, it is necessary to check the stability and control when connected to the suspension unit [1].

The distribution of the total weight of the MTA on the wheels leads to an improvement in the ability to control during operation, and stability is ensured when moving in a transport position with the suspension unit. Therefore, when working with UEV suspension and semi-suspension units, it is recommended that the total weight distribution of the MTA between the wheels be in the following relationship (in percent) [1]

                                                               (3)

According to the longitudinal stability condition of the MTA [1].

                                                                        (4)

According to the governance condition of the MTA [1].

                                                                    (5)

To ensure steering when the UEV is driven with maximum suspension, the weight on the front wheels must be at least 20% of the total weight of the MTA, and it must meet the following condition [2]:

+                                      (6)

According to the calculation scheme (Figure 2), the weight of the MTA on the front wheels is determined as follows [2]

                                                    (7)

The weight of the MTA on the rear wheels is as follows:

+,                                                (8)

where R_z1 is the reaction acting on the front wheels, kN; R_z2 - reaction acting on the rear wheel, kN; G_b - bunker weight, kg; G_UEV– UEV weight, kg; Speech - the weight of the device mounted on the suspension, kN; a is the distance from the center of the rear wheel to the center of gravity of the UEV, m; a_an - distance from the center of the hardware mounted on the suspension to the center of the rear wheel UEV, m; l- is the distance from the center of gravity of the bunker to the center of the UEV front wheel, m.

The weights distributed on the front and rear wheels are expressed as percentages as follows

                                                               (9)

When the UEV GOT is equipped with a cotton picking machine and the front bunker is loaded and unloaded, the rear and front wheel tires are under different loads. In this case, the force of gravity on a single rear wheel is determined as follows [1].

                                                                (10)

According to the formula (10), tires for UEV front and rear wheels are selected depending on the load in the GOT in accordance with GOST 7463-2003 [4].

Formulas (7) and (8) are mainly based on the UEV's cotton picking unit when the bunker is in the full position, the weights distributed on the front and rear wheels are 41% (2990kg) on the front wheels, 59% (4310 kg) on the rear wheels. 34% (2227 kg) on the wheels and 66% (4373 kg) on the rear wheels. This means that the condition in formula (3) is met.

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