ANALYSIS OF SOLAR MODULES FOR SELECTING THE OPTIMAL OPTION

ABSTRACT

This article is devoted to the use of data-based extended matrix (tabular) characteristics of the SB, which allows reasonably, based on statistical analysis, to select the type of universal solar battery model compatible with the SimPowerSystems section in the Matlab program.

АННОТАЦИЯ

 Данная статья посвящена использованию данных расширенных матричных (табличных) характеристик СБ, что позволяет обоснованно, на основе статистического анализа, выбрать тип универсальной модели солнечной батареи, совместимой с разделом SimPowerSystems в программе Matlab.

Keywords: solar battery, photovoltaic, thin-film technology, amorphous silicon.

Ключевые слова: солнечная батарея, фотовольтаика, тонкопленочная технология, аморфный кремний.

When simulating a solar system in the Simulink program, a universal solar battery model is required that is compatible with the SimPowerSystems section in the Matlab program, which makes it possible to simulate a power supply system taking into account changes in solar radiation and ambient temperature. The peculiarity of the model is that the current-voltage characteristic of the SB passes through three points: no-load voltage, short-circuit current, and the point of maximum power of the SB.

On the basis of the well-known publications [1], extended matrix (tabular) characteristics of the security system have been introduced, allowing reasonably, on the basis of statistical analysis, to select the types of security systems. The first group of photovoltaic converters includes crystalline SBs, the second - thin-film SBs. The production of structures based on monocrystalline silicon is a technologically complex and expensive process. Therefore, attention was paid to materials such as alloys based on amorphous silicon a-Si: H, gallium arsenide and polycrystalline semiconductors.

Thin-film solar cells (SCs) can consist of several thin layers of photovoltaic materials. The thickness range of such layers is from several nanometers to tens of micrometers. Thin-film solar cells are of different types: they are produced on the basis of 1) silicon (TF-Si); 2) cadmium telluride (CdTe); 3) compounds of copper with indium and gallium selenide (CuInGaS); 4) titanium dioxide (TiO2).

In fig. 1, Table 1 and Figure 2 show the I - V characteristics of various solar cells on the same scale.

Table 1.

Current-voltage characteristics for different types of SB.

Table 1: Isc - specific short-circuit current, Ux.x - no-load voltage, Iopt - specific optimal current, Uopt - optimal voltage, Pmax - specific maximum power, ξ - fill factor, η - efficiency at the point of maximum power.

From the data table. 1 it follows that two types of SB have the highest efficiency: C-Si and AsGa. AsGa is more expensive than C-Si and is manufactured by special order, therefore crystalline C-Si SB was chosen for the PMT. The fill factor is the ratio of the maximum power to the product of the short-circuit current and the open-circuit voltage of the solar cell (SC). This is a key parameter in assessing the efficiency of solar panels. Typical commercial solar panels have a duty cycle> 0.70, while cheap grade B solar panels have a duty cycle ranging from 0.4 to 0.7. A solar panel with a high fill factor has less losses due to series and parallel resistances. In fig. 3.3 shows the dependence of the output current and power of the solar cell on the voltage.

Figure. 3. Volt-ampere characteristic and power of the solar cell.

In fig. 3, the power characteristic of the ESS P = ISE ∙ USE is built, generated when the output voltage changes from Uxx to zero. It can be seen from this characteristic that there is only one point C, at which there will be the maximum generated power with the highest Pmax value (point C). This point is called the optimal operating point of the I - V characteristic of the solar cell, and the voltage and current at this point are, respectively, the optimal voltage Uopt and the optimal current Iopt. When designing an autonomous photomultiplier, they try to ensure the operation of the SB precisely at this point.

 (one)

Table 2.

 Efficiency for different types of SB

where, ... For АsGa SB, the relative value of the optimal current and voltage of the duty cycle is ξ = 0.75 ÷ 0.89.

For the selected С-Si SB ξ = 0.8 ÷ 0.84, which is taken into account in the future.

The efficiency is defined as the ratio of the power generated by the solar cell to the power of the incident solar radiation. The efficiency of the solar cell depends on the spectrum, the intensity of the incident solar radiation and the temperature of the solar cell. To compare two SCs, they need to be tested under accepted standard conditions. Ground-based solar cells are tested at an air mass of AM1.5 and a temperature of 25 ° С, i.e. at mid-latitudes at the height of the Sun 41 49 '. ESS intended for use in space are measured with an air mass AM0, i.e. in near-earth space. Typically, the energy characteristics of the SB are determined under a nominal lighting condition (PC = 1000 w / m²). Panel efficiency is generally 1 ÷ 3% lower than solar cell efficiency due to glass reflections, frame, shading, higher temperatures, etc.

                                                                             (2)

For different types of SB, the efficiency is given in table. 2 [2].

The variety of developed types of SB allows you to choose the most suitable SB for the conditions of Uzbekistan according to the criterion: cost, service life, efficiency, availability.

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