FEATURES OF INTRODUCTION OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRICULTURE OF UZBEKISTAN

ABSTRACT

The article describes the use of innovative technologies in agriculture and its development on the example of leading countries in the world, and the possibilities of using this technology in Uzbekistan.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В статье описывается использование инновационных технологий в сельском хозяйстве и его развитие на примере ведущих стран мира, а также возможности использования данной технологии в Узбекистане.

Keywords: innovative technologies, management, database, agriculture, precision farming, smart agriculture

Ключевые слова: инновационные технологии, управление, база данных, сельское хозяйство, точное земледелие, умное сельское хозяйство.

In accordance with the Decree PF-5853 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated October 23, 2019, in order to widely introduce market mechanisms in agriculture from 2020, complete digitization, increase the interest of farmers and peasants, cancel the state order for cotton and grain and procurement on market principles a gradual transition to the system was made. Collection, analysis and collection of statistical data through the development of a system of science, education, information and consulting services, the widespread introduction of modern information technologies, including the use of effective forms of knowledge and information dissemination integrated with the production of research, education and consulting services in agriculture creation of a transparent system of network statistics, which provides for the introduction of reliable methods of distribution.

Development of a system of science, education, information and consulting services, including the use of effective forms of knowledge and information dissemination integrated with the production of research, education and consulting services in agriculture. Creation of a transparent system of network statistics, which provides for the introduction of reliable methods of collection, analysis and dissemination of statistical data through the widespread introduction of modern information technology.

At present, a new paradigm of world economic development is being formed on the basis of the use of innovations. Uzbekistan cannot deny these processes and must ensure the intensification of innovation processes in all sectors of the economy, including agriculture. The transition to an innovative path of economic development is associated not only with the need to address the problems that have accumulated in the agricultural sector of the Uzbek economy, but also the main tasks facing this sector. In the current situation, innovative activity is a key factor in agricultural development. Making the most of this factor is the only way to ensure the sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex in our country.

It should be noted that the scientist N.D. Kondratev, who developed the models of conjunctural cycles, based on the theory of large cycles with a duration of 50-60 years, made a significant contribution to the implementation of innovations. He proved that the transition to a new cycle is associated with the expansion of the stock of capital goods, which allows to create conditions for the introduction of accumulated inventions. N.D. Kondratev connected the transition to a new cycle with the development of technology: These changes are usually reflected in one or another combination, in technical inventions and discoveries, in profound changes in production and exchange techniques. According to N.D. Kondratev, scientific and technical innovations play an important role in changes in the economic life of society. Given the need to ensure the cost-effectiveness of innovation, a number of Russian economists viewed innovation as "innovation in a new product or service, production method, organizational, financial, research and other areas that provide cost savings or create conditions for such savings." In the research of economists of our country, the term "innovation" began to be widely used in connection with the transition to market relations. A number of economists who studied the problems of innovative development of the agricultural sector, including A.A. Abduganiev, A.V. Vahobov, A.M. Kadyrov, S.S. Gulomov, Yo.A.Abdullaev, Ch.Murodov, T.H. Farmonov, O.P. Umurzakov, N.S. Khushmatov, A. Mukhtorov and others have carried out important scientific research. Thus, summarizing the above definitions, the concept of innovation can be defined as follows. Innovation is the introduction of a new or significantly improved product (product, service) or process, a new method of marketing, a new organizational style in the organization of workplaces or in external relations.

The main goal in the introduction of innovative technologies in Uzbekistan is the development of technology for the creation of software products for remote control of farms on indoor land plots and a system for remote control of agricultural production. In this case, indoor air temperature, air humidity, pH content in the air, soil temperature, soil chemical composition and soil composition are determined by detectors and transmitted to the sensors every minute. The indicators are displayed on the sensor monitor. The created device can be used for optional agricultural crops. Advantages of the device we create from the automation system of the 5th generation greenhouses, in which plant growth and development, plant demand for fertilizers is controlled on the basis of an automated system, all the work performed: drip irrigation, door and window opening and closing, climate control, crop ripening enters the main function and is under control.

Picture 1. Sensor-based control systems

In advanced agricultural systems, various "smart technologies" (smart sensors) are installed based on crop and environmental conditions. For example, climate control includes measuring temperature, humidity, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus levels, nutrient supply, fruit ripening, and irrigation equipment. Their application guarantees an increase in productivity of at least 30%. In addition, improved systems will be introduced in the production and sales chains of agricultural products, which will eventually enable the collection of large amounts of electronic data.

As a result of the application of innovative technology, real-time remote control of agricultural production, irrigation, land parameters, fertilizer requirements, drip irrigation management and fruit ripening through mobile applications, and sensors and sensors based on the intelligent system can not only grow crops, but also it also helps to keep the crop full. In advanced systems in agriculture, various "smart technologies" (smart sensors) are installed on a single purpose, based on crop and environmental conditions. For example, pest and disease prediction, climate control - measuring temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide levels, nutrient supply and irrigation devices. The use of satellite data and remote sensing technologies will be tested in the rapid and accurate assessment of the condition of agricultural lands and crops grown on them. This will allow to cultivate all types of agricultural crops in the country and assess the area. Satellite data will serve to form an information and analytical base for "accurate farming" in the country, and will allow farms to use automated systems.

In conclusion, there is an opportunity to modify the software for additional modules depending on the needs and desires of the innovative technology farm, created during many years of study and research above. Plant growth and development, which plant's demand for fertilizer is controlled under an automated system, all the work performed: drip irrigation, climate control, ripening of the crop is also part of the task of the device being created and controlled.

The main task of such systems is to create a database (DB), develop and use the necessary software, and manage the operation of the system. The convenience of the electronic system is that it is used in the process of processing, packaging, cleaning, sorting and delivery of the product even after harvesting. Intelligent farming technologies also play an important role in achieving high productivity and quality, reducing water consumption and production costs, and crop planning and forecasting.

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